Kolesnyk Vladimyr

Bukovinian State Medical University, (Chernivtsi) Ukraine

MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF THE VASCULAR PLEXUS OF LATERAL VENTRICLES OF THE CEREBRUM

The strides made by modern neuroanatomy, neurosurgery, an increase of surgical interferences in the region of the cerebral ventricles and on the vascular plexuses, experimental-clinical investigations that are carried out on these particular formations and attemps of their transplantation (Skinner S.L. et al., 2006-2009; Matsumoto N. et al., Thanos C.G. et al./2010) promote an interest in a study of the tissular and vascular structures of the lateral ventricles of the brain in man. Their morphological and topographoanatomical characteristics in ontogenesis represent the principal task among numerous, not yet ascertained questions of neurology and neurosurgery, requiting a solution. And up till now comprehensive factual data on this question are absent.

The object of our research was establishing a consistent pattern of the development, structure and morphology of the vascular plexus of the lateral ventricles of the human brain of different stages of ontogenesis. The vascular plexuses of the lateral of the brain of a human aged from 12 weeks of the intrauterine development to 83 years served as the research material. Neuropsy material taking was performed at the Chernivtsi Regional Municipal Medical Institution “Pathoanatomical Bureau” during postmortem examination of the diceased of various sex and age whose death resulted from diseases not associated with brain damage.

We have carried out a macroscopic analysis of the material obtained with an evaluation of its condition, integrity, a detection of available deformities, formations. The tissular composition, the vascular and microcirculatory bed of the vascular plexuses were studied microscopically. The research was carried out, using the methods of macro- and microscopy, semifine sections, histochemical methods and morphometry. By means of the morphometric method the diameter of different components of the blood channel of the vascular plexus of the lateral ventricles of the human brain at the stages of ontogenesis has been studied.

The studies in question show that the vascular plexuses of the lateral ventricles of the brain are made up of the epithelium and connective tissue witt a great number of blood vessels (picture 1,2). The villiferous and nonvilliferous parts of the plexuses are identified. The epithelium is represented by the latter being corroborated by the information of Emerich D.F.(2004), Dariy A.A.(2008). The stroma of the vascular plexus is composed of collagenic fibrils, protofiblils and fibers that are dipped into the ground substances .Fibroblasts are arranged here in groups and singly. Branches of the microcirculatory channel with a high complexity of organization ramify from the blood vessels of the tela of the vascular plexus. It has been established that the diameters of the microvessels undergo changes which correlate with changes of the plexus itself, taking place concurrently with the development of the brain. The measurements of the dimeters of the microvessels carried out by us show that the components of the microcirculatory channel reach maximum values in persons aged 16-20 years and continue keeping at practically the same level at the age randing from 20 to 58 years.

On increase of the diameter of the microvessels of the vascular plexus of the brain lateral ventricles occurs in a wave-like manner whith the presence of periods of a rapid and retarded growth. The development and growth of the capillary bed correlates with changes of the functional load of the vascular plexus.

It has been established morphometrically that the density of the capillary bed per unit of the area of the vascular plexus (1mm) changes appreciably with the advancement of age both in the vascular plexus itself and between the plexuses of the lateral ventricles. A major pert of the volume of the plexus is made up of the microcirculatory bed which, in fact, determines its function. The vessels have a tortuons passage, forming “loops” on their way, particularly at the margins of the plexus. Along the passage of the vessels and the sites of a ramification of the arteriols clasters of smooth muscular cells are located, forming prototypes of muffs. The presence of them, evedetly influences on the regulation of the amount of blood in the vascular plexus.

P. 1. Vascular plexus of lateral ventricle of a child 7,5 years. Macropreparations. zoom. 1,2^х

1– villiferous part; 2 – unvilliferous part; 3 – microarcads

P. 2. General view of the vascular plexus of lateral ventricle of the man 50 years. Macropreparations. zoom. 1:1

1– lateral ventricles; 2– villiferous part; 3 – unvilliferous part; 4 – brain tissue.

Therefore microvessels in ontogenesis undergo changes which correlate with changes of the plexus itself (that take place in it simultaneously with the development of the brain) and reflect functional loads of the vascular plexus. The diameters of the constituent parts of the microcirculatory channel of the vascular plexus of the lateral ventricles of the brain increase (p<0.01) in mature age as compared with the intrauterine period of the development 2.17 times.

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