Философия /6.Философия науки

Ph.D. Olga Bondarenko

Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy, Russia

Conceptually-methodological potential of synergetic approach to a problem of a sustainable development of region

Modern scientific representation of the region as dissipative system serves as methodological basis for understanding of a sustainable development as problem of finding "structural stability" of the region - effect of creation of structural-attractors. At research of evolution of region under the attractor we mean certain (limited) and surely relative balance of natural-social integrity is understood certain (limiting) dynamical and, surely, the development itself appears as a transition, alternating phases of chaos-order, from a structurally stable state (attractor) to another.

Researches within the limits of synergetic had led to opening of essentially new way of movement of open non-equilibrium systems (and almost all real natural and social systems are such) to a state of stability. Therefore, speaking about a sustainable development, first, it is necessary to refuse traditional treatment of development as process of transition from one ordered structure to another, i.e. as transition from one ordered structure to another, i.e. as a transition from one order to another order of only a more complex type. Secondly, removing the opposition of chaos and order, to legitimize the instability as a source of formation of stable structures. And, thirdly, to pass from a static ideal of completeness to the dynamic ideal of integrity, i.e., focus of research in the region should be a measure of uncertainty, while maintaining integrity as a dominant attribute of the ordered structure. The future in this description appears not predetermined and probabilistic, multiple-as synergetic does not, as it was before the social theories, a set of specific social prescriptions.

From the point of view the synergetic methodology evolution of a dynamical system of any nature as well as physical, and as social, acts as a self-movement, determined primarily by endogenous factors and only secondarily by exogenous - environmental exposures. Therefore, the stability of the region is funded by its system properties that allow it to maintain operationally channeled resistance in a conflict of interest of different social groups, a conflict between society and nature, under conditions of uncertainty and risk.

In this context, the operational stability expresses a typical feature of nonlinear understanding of dynamical stability as a process of self-sustaining (the relative self-reproduction), self-organizing system that is manifested in a characteristic region as periodicity of development.

The essential component of sustainable development of the region (as, indeed, sustainable development of civilization as a whole), "prism" through which all aspects and sides of sustainable development are considered, is a balanced (coherent) developing within the region of the system. Elements (subsystems) are: people, society, nature. The integrity of this system is reached by coordination of values, goals and interests of every person resident in the region and society (state, society, nations, nationalities, etc.), as well as the coherence of the social and natural, especially that part of nature, which outlines boundaries of the region.

This integral system, having a subject-object properties of the system "human-society-nature" during functioning proves itself in different areas: spiritual, social, political, economic, environmental, etc. Therefore, sustainable development of social, political, economic, and other constituents (processes) are determined by emergent properties of the whole, i.e. the region itself as an open non-linear system.

In the concept of a sustainable development of region such dynamics (i.e. mobility of components of region) can be expressed on the basis of a principle of "floating accents», giving to the concept situational, dynamical, considering varying conditions and factors character and a showing, what spectrum of a sustainable development should be allocated today for special attention and consideration.

As a whole, it is possible to say that the system of maintenance of a sustainable development of region consists of two interconnected subsystems: system (mechanism) of self-organizing and system (mechanism) of management. The self-organization mechanism "works" at presence of coherent values, the purposes and interests of inhabitants of region (taking into account the dissipation factor of social-natural systems). This system reflects "soft" strategy of maintenance of a sustainable development.

The second subsystem - a control system, as well as any similar system, assumes forecasting, planning, the organization, coordination, motivation, the control. Within the limits of a control system there are subsystems: revealings of the internal and external conflicts menacing to stability of region; a subsystem of removal of uncertainty as reduction of information vacuum concerning strategy and tactics of development of the most important directions and key spheres of ability to live of region; a subsystem of use of risk, etc.

Leaning against the aforesaid, it is possible to make main, though and not absolutely happy conclusion, initiated by search of universal (synergy) patterns of existence of steady structures and their disintegration, - comprehension of basic inability to provide "operated" development of a civilization in whole or separated territory with precisely set purposes. We can talk only about "directed" development, that is about possibility to support desirable tendencies and to overcome arising crises and accidents. In other words, to realize a sustainable development our management of region developments only can to be adaptive. Adaptability of management means a certain measure of ability of operating system purposefully to influence objects of management without destruction of their integrity in the transitive or settled condition. In case of adaptive (directed) development the new steady condition - attractor is understood as achievement of such condition of region which acts as the development purpose.

In its turn, directed development can be characterized as a measure of possibility of control system to maintain the invariance of the basic (progressive) course of dynamic process. Synchronization (harmonization) of managerial processes and region self-development in an ideal variant leads to occurrence of coherent, resonant communications between operating and operated systems. It is possible to tell, that the first and a main point defining a sustainable development of region is served by the coherence factor of adaptive management and internal potentialities of region.

Let's notice that an objective basis of application of a principle of adaptive management (it is possible to name it as a principle of directed development) as methodological principle of strategy of a sustainable development of region, is such integral property of open systems as equifinality. Equifinality in application to region means possibility of achievement of the same final (planned) condition at various entry conditions with help of the account of internal laws of self-organizing and interaction with environment (with other regions, the countries, etc.). Thus, the region sustainable development appears as synchronization of processes of structurization and functioning natural, social, spiritual, etc. subsystems, providing an optimum mode of development of region by means of mechanisms of self-organizing and adaptive management.

Today we have all bases to approve that the synergetic acts not only the most general theory of self-organizing, but also as a conceptual basis of the decision of a problem of a sustainable development of region. Therefore modern regional-studyes is urged to include not simply corresponding achievements in the field of synergetic in the scientific arsenal, but also based on synergetic approach to develop new methodology of administrative activity, leaning, first of all on its fundamental principles, such as self-organizing, disequilibrium, nonlinearity, irreversibility and others.

Ascertaining of universality of listed above principles suggests that they should be considered as the certain conceptual bases of any sort of human activity, including activity in the field of management of regional development. As region as difficult social-natural integrity possesses all necessary patterns defining ability of system to self-organizing. It gives to a problem of conformity of administrative influences of subjects to internal potentialities of operated system to self-regulation and self-organizing a special urgency.

This conclusion focuses an administrative science to search and allocation in functioning and development of difficult systems of the main things, leading variables (so-called, «order parameters») to which all other parameters of system are arranged. Corresponding influence on these parameters is urged to provide adequacy of behavior of operated systems to administrative efforts of subjects according to the set purpose. For such synergetic acupuncture art to "operate" difficult systems of society is still necessary to be learned. For, as a matter of fact, it is that even insufficiently studied way of the decision of a problem of a sustainable development at which influence is carried out, mainly, at microlevel, and results arise at macrolevel, i.e. at level of all operated system (region, the country, a civilization etc.).