Zhamalov A.Zh, Kunelbayev M.M, Bekarystanova N.S.

Kazakh State Woman Pedagogical University

The Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty

RESOURCES OF RECEPTION OF BIOGAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The most suitable raw materials for biogas reception is manure of pets and the bird's dung. Can be used and other agricultural waste, such, as the straw used in quality on-line deleted from residential buildings, an organic waste of food manufactures, a waste of public catering establishments and deposits (шламы) sewage of sewer treatment facilities.

Animal industries waste is of interest from the point of view of their use for reception of biogas and энергий only in the event that animals are concentrated in the closed premises. In this case there is a possibility of economically defensible gathering of manure with minimum or поильным absence of mud impurity. A considerable quantity of the dirt which is present at manure, leads to sharp decrease in an exit at bio gas fiction.

Liquid manure moves in метантанк, a mix of firm manure with dry organic наполнителем (straw and т.п) – in fermented, and air - with the help воздуходувки. At the expense of biochemical oxidation at temperature 50-60⁰с there is a process анаэробного сбраживания manure - biogas allocation.

Thus, in the conditions of Kazakhstan where the greatest distribution was received by system of the maintenance of animals, at definition of total of manure, suitable for processing, it is necessary to take in calculation time of the maintenance of animals in the closed premises. For pigs and a bird it is time will equal to 365 days since these animals all-the-year-round contain in the closed premises. For a horned cattle this time in Southern region can be accepted to equal 200 days.

The table

Potential possibilities of manufacture of biogas from manure of animals

Animals	Manure exit From 1 Animal,	Including The dry The organic Substances Manure, кg/day	Exit of biogas from 1 kg, organic Substances of manure,	Maintenance time indoors or in night rest of animals, in a year	Livestock of animals, thousand goals
Horned cattle	38,5	6,0	0,34	200	2117
Sheep and goats	3,0	1,0	0,25	120	5239
Pigs	5,0	0,9	0,30	365	562
Bird	0,7	0,27	0,40	365	10565
Horse	25,0	4,0	0,56	60	495
Camels	40,0	7,0	0,4	120	52

Results of calculations by definition of an exit of manure and biogas from the specified livestock of animals of Republic Kazakhstan are shown in table (2,4,5). At definition of an exit of manure it was considered that manure from КРС on откорме cannot be used because of the high maintenance of a dirt and the earth.

As a result of technology application анаэробного сбраживания horned cattle manure (КРС) with reception of biogas, organic fertilizers, protein fodder additives the following positive effect turns out.

Apparently from таблица4, except the economic benefit connected in reception from an organic waste, high-quality gaseous fuel, a fodder protein and organic fertilizer, takes place obviously expressed ecological at the expense of decrease in pollution of atmosphere of water and soil.

Table 2

Positive effect of reception of biogas from manure

№ п/т	Positive effect	Quantitative characteristics
1	Biogas reception	Gas make 0,03-0,04 м^3on 1 kg of dry organic weight (0,3 т.у.т. On 1 conditional head КРС)
2	Decrease in biological contamination of water and soil	Decrease in pollution of sewage on 70-90 %
3	Destruction of seeds of weeds in manure	Reduction of losses grain on 4-5 ts/hectares at the expense of reduction of losses of nitrogen (140kg/hectare), phosphate (30kg/hectare) on a food
4	Increase of value of biological fertilizer	Decrease in losses of nitrogen of 20 %, increase of biological activity of nitric connections, productivity increase on 8-12 %
5	Protein reception	Reception on 1 conditional head КРС 1 т a vitamin concentrate in a year (0,15 kg of pure vitamin В12) enriched 300 т forages
6	Decrease in harmful emissions in atmosphere	At the expense of replacement by biogas of the firm and liquid harmful emissions, effect decrease for 1 Gkal of warmth at replacement of firm fuel of 14-16 thousand rbl. liquid - 1,4 thousand rbl. a year

Application of technology and анаэробного сбраживания manure with reception of biogas and organic fertilizers will be rather effective in any the farmer and country economy removed from centralised systems of power supply.

Potential exit of biogas, thousand м^3
Across Kazakhstan	1751748	314355		110704	832930	132988	34848	3177573
Across the western Kazakhstan	317383	60111		10917	43099	33062	21806	486378
The potential quantity of energy developed from manure of animals for year:
Kazakhstan
Electric energy, billion кWt*t	10,76	1,93		0,68	0,51	0,05	0,03	13,970
Thermal energy, thousand GDzh	38173	6948		2448	1836	188	77	50,310
The western Kazakhstan
Electric energy, billion кWt*ч	1948,7	369,0	67,0		264,6	203,0	13,4	2865,1
Thermal energy, thousand GDzh	7014	1328	241		952	730	48	10313

It is necessary to notice that for Republic Kazakhstan the basic biogas potential is created by two kinds of animals, sheep and a dung of a bird, and for the Western Kazakhstan of region - only sheep.

From table 4 it is possible to conclude that first of all biogas can be used in five areas - Almaty, JU-Kazakhstan, V-Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk and Zhambylsky where the big share of animal industries is concentrated.

Table 4

Power equivalent of biogas potential from manure of animals and a dung of birds on areas of Kazakhstan in 2001. Million кVт^*t.

Areas	Kinds of animals						Power equivalent
	Largely horned livestock	Sheep and goats	Pigs	Birds	Horses	Camels	Energy	Thermal energy.ГDzh
Acmolinsk	902	36,8	108,5	68,7	3,5	0,3	1119,8	47,81
Akyubinsk	801	125,8	46,4	16,2	7,6	2,9	999,9	3600,8
Almaty	1227	411,3	73,4	43,6	7,5	1	1763,6	6349
Anyrau	268	69,3	-	1,2	1,4	2,5	342,4	1232,6
Vostok	1297	227,3	61,3	78,5	5,2	-	1669,4	6013,7
Zhambyl	802	238,7	27,2	35,8	2,5	0,9	1107,1	3987
West Kazakhstan	862	108,3	19,6	10,7	2,3	0,9	1100,1	3962,9
Karaganda	819	121,7	47,4	53,8	5,9	2,1	1049,9	3779,6
Kostanai	925	38,2	135,2	84	2,8	-	1185,2	4269,4
Kyzylorda	410	101,1	10	9,3	2,2	6,1	538,6	1940,2
Mangystau	15	66,3	-	0,9	1,4	7,6	91,2	328,5
Pavlodar	646	37,3	33,7	20,7	2,2	-	739,9	2665,3
South Kazakhstan	754	24,6	105,7	40,4	3	-	927,7	3341,8
North Kazakhstan	1032	373,1	11,6	32,1	4,3	2,3	1683,1	6058,1
Total	10760	1930,5	679,8	570,9	51,8	26,6	13970	50310,4

Fig. 2. Annual power an equivalent biogas potential from manure of areas of Kazakhstan

Fig. 3. Annual энергический an equivalent of biogas potential from manure in Southern Kazakhstan

Thus, calculations by quantity of biogas which can be received from manure of pets and the bird's dung for Republic Kazakhstan allow to receive value 13,970mlrd.kVt*ch/year.

Conclusion

Biogas resources make 79,4 million GDZH/YEAR. The biogas received from manure, can be used for independent heat - and electrical supplies of farms. The biogas received from the bird's dung can be used for power supply of several integrated poultry farms. From a firm waste it is possible to receive biogas for gas supply of the small enterprises, and also for heat - and electrical supplies of sewer treatment facilities.

Литература

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