Riabtseva N., Alsuf’eva E.
National metallurgical academy of Ukraine
About institutionalization of innovative activity
On break a
secret of ages, when changing of age of high-tech age of high-Hume comes, the
broadening stream of improvements and innovations conduces to the deep
high-quality changes in public life, to the awareness of scale, power and
efficiency of innovative source of economic development. Institutionalization
of innovative activity in a public production shows up as conformity to the law
is in socially-technological, socio-economic and socially-organizational forms.
The evolution of the marked forms is illustrated by a vector a «innovation is a
complex of innovations – a division of production and management innovative
activity is a sphere of reproduction of innovations», which is reflected in
such organizational forms as a «innovative measure is the program of measures –
innovative conception of development is an epoch of innovations». Innovative
forms with a different depth and speed
show up practically at all levels of the economic system (micro-, mezzo-,
macro-, mega levels), and also mapped to all spheres of public vital functions.
There is maintenance and intensity of innovative
processes in every separate country, its national specific and model of NIS is
in a great deal determined by the level of development of productive forces and
relations of productions. To become foundation of forming of NIS certain level
of development of technological process (technological mode not below fifth),
deepening of division of labor between the subjects of innovative activity
(basis of unity and interdependence of subjects of this activity), and also
degree of developed of relations, in particular, forms of realization of
intellectual property. Functional chain lets and systems of NIS are formed as a
result of development of economic
relations between the subjects of innovative activity in a certain
environment, and, related to
traditions, national
business-culture, psychology of
enterprise, level and quality of education, accumulated critical mass of
knowledge (picture 1). The role of regulator of scientific and technical
progress and permanent innovative
activity of enterprises was executed by the mechanism of the
mobilization-forced type which induced state scientific organizations to
implementation of researches and developments, and state enterprises - to introduction
of new methods and productions. Thus, state and public influence became the
basic factor of innovative development.
Picture 1
– Innovative activity is in the system of intercommunications
Single
innovative space (SIS) engulfs external and inwardly in relation to NIS
space of its functioning, includes the aggregate of the used resources and
methods of action (internal descriptions of the system), and also variety of
external terms (political, legal, social and ethics norms, regulative economic
activity, existence and actions of other economic systems, partners or
competitors). The specific of descriptions of environment of NIS is their
mobility, changeability, dynamism, that stands basis of reproduction of
necessity in perfection of both internal and external descriptions of NIS, to
its adaptation to the changes, permanent update and perfection. In connection
with discrete nature of innovations the account of factor of time appears
important also.
In Ukraine, becoming of single innovative space
requires forming of new culture of perception of creative constituent of the
economy growing, including radical change the role of education and knowledge,
providing of necessities of any man by equal access to information and
education in any point of country. Innovative space is characterized, at least,
two measuring – objective, subjective. If the objective measuring reflects
really existent elements, a subjective constituent engulfs the forms of display
of economic relations concerning the recreation of forms of economic subjective
space in connection with participating of economic subjects in public
reproduction with the purpose of satisfaction of necessities. Subjects of these
relations are economic subjects (in different economic roles), their
associations and society on the whole; their object is resources, terms,
processes and results of public reproduction of both product and man. Development
of the noted relations takes place parallel and in the context of public
production, activity requires expedient concerning satisfaction of various
necessities (including and productions) through the recreation of SIS on the
whole and in concrete forms.
One of them is a dialog between the acting persons of
innovative relations, and, in particular, such triads as «education is science
is business», the «state is business is a population» and other. Such dialog
can be considered the minimum and central element of dynamic constituent of
innovative subjective space, and also source which feeds all environment of
economic co-operation.
Dialogic reactions of economic subjects are the most
effective factors in forming of the subjective measuring of economic space
which appears in instantaneousness of reactions on any socially meaningful
«fluctuations»; polyphonies of ideas and approaches to solving actual problems
of economy. However, in the conditions to virtualization of society
contradictions of determination and adjustment of aims and directions to motion
of SIS are intensified at all levels of the economic system.