Alsuf’eva
E.
National
metallurgical academy of Ukraine
To the question about classification of NIS from point of
specific of innovative activity
The necessary
condition of putting the national economy on the trajectory of postindustrial
development is become by activation of innovative constituent of the economic
growth, forming the bases of integration of separate innovative elements in the
single national system.
Despite the fact that innovative priorities of the economic
growth are officially declared in most world countries, the individual aspects
of theoretical substantiation of
structure and mechanism of development of the National Innovation System (NIS)
remain not exposed (îñòàþòñÿ íå ðàñêðûòûìè).
NIS
transformed from the separate instruments of creation and absorption of
innovations on separate enterprises, their associations, industries, regions to
the unique single system the function of which consists of realization of
innovative way of development of national economy.
From our point
of view, NIS is considerate as a result of industrialization of innovative
activities to the sector of public production, which pierces all other spheres
of him. It is happens under the action of economic laws, such as a law of
growth of necessities, economy of time, internationalization of productive
forces, laws of demand and supply, mutual accordance of productive forces and
relations of productions and other.
On the levels
of the economic system the structure of NIS unites on a microlevel
innovative activity of population and enterprises (research, productive, patent,
informative, educational); on mezo- and macrolevel it is unit
connections between the subjects of regional and international innovative
collaboration. From one point of view, NIS is characterized by withstand forms of co-operation between the subjects of
innovative activity within the framework of national economy, from other – by
dynamic quality and openness of innovative processes in relation to national scopes. It is necessary to take into account
the variety of models of NIS.
In accordance
with the specific of innovative activity, in our view, the models of NIS are divided into opened and
closed on the aggregate of the followings descriptions (see of picture1):
¾
scientifically-technical basis of innovative activity (own,
imported);
¾
resource providing of innovative activity;
¾
sphere of application (consumptions) of innovations (national reproduction,
reproduction of other countries);
¾
sphere of distribution of innovative product (internal
market, markets of other countries).
For the closed
model of NIS combination of descriptions of its structure is simply certain by
possibilities of resources of country. Different combinations of descriptions
have the opened models of NIS, that can be oriented and on the own resources of
country, and on the resources of other countries, that is the certain index of
adjustment of such model of NIS. In addition, such classification allows to
estimate a degree and orientation the openness
of the National Innovation System.
Practical
forming of NIS in the countries of postsoviet space is in the initial stage of
the genesis, though their basic components are already formed, but
intercommunications are not debugged between them. In most cases it is the
opened models of NIS, oriented to international cooperation and integration in
global NIS.
However the
process of passing to the innovation model of economic development of countries
at immaturity of necessary (ïðè íåçðåëîñòè íåîáõîäèìûõ) pre-conditions of the
evolutional becoming of integrated NIS requires a subsequent theoretical ground
and practical development.
Own, imported Own
Picture 1- Classification of models of NIS from point of features
of innovative activity