Donetsk national university of economics and trade named after

M. Tygan-Baranovsky

Novikova Anastasia group MO-07-A

Television revolution

The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”, which means “knowledge”. Scientists make observations and collect facts in field they work in. Then they arrange facts orderly and try to express the connection between the facts and try to work out theories. Then they have to prove the facts or theory correct and make sufficient and sound evidence. So scientific knowledge is always growing and improving.

To my mind this theme is very actual in our days, because science has great influence on our life. It provides with base of modern technology, materials, and sources of power and so on. Modern science and technology have changed our life in many different ways. During the present century our life changed greatly. Thanks to radio and television we can do a great number of jobs; it was radio and TV that made it possible to photograph the dark side of the moon and to talk with the first cosmonaut while he was orbiting the Earth.

A single inventor did not invent television, instead many people working together and alone over the years, contributed to the evolution of television.

1831 Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday^’s work with electromagnetism jumpstars, the era of electronic communication. 1862 First Still Image Transferred Abe Giovanna Caselli invents his Pantelegraph and becomes the first person to transmit a still image over wires. 1873 Scientists May and Smith experiment with selenium and light, this reveals the possibility for inventors to transform images into electronic signals.

1876 Boston civil servant George Carey was thinking about complete television systems and in 1877 he put forward drawings for what he called a selenium camera that would allow people to see by electricity.

Eugene Goldstein coins the term “cathode rays” to describe the light emitted when an electric current was forced through a vacuum tube.

1880 Inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison theorize about telephone devices that transmit image as well as sound. Bell’s Photo-phone used light to transmit sound and he wanted to advance his device for image sending. George Carey builds a rudimentary system with light-sensitive cells.

1884 18Lines of Resolution Paul Nikon sends images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology calling it the electric telescope with 18 lines of resolution.

1900 and we called it Television at the World’s Fair in Paris, the first International Congress of Electricity was held. That is where Russian Constantine Pesky made the first known use of the word “television”. Soon after 1900, the momentum shifted from ideas and discussions to physical development of television system. Inventors pursued two major paths in the development of a television system based on the cathode ray tube developed Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Rosing.

American Charles Jenkins and Scotsmen John Baird followed the mechanical model while Philo Farnsworth, working independently in San Francisco, and Russian emigrant Vladimir Zworkin, working for Westinghouse and later RCA, advanced the electronic model. Electronic television system eventual replaced mechanical systems.

1906 First Mechanical Television System

1923 Vladimir Zworkin patents his iconoscope a TV camera tubes based on Campbell Swinton’s ideas. The iconoscope, which he called an electric eye, becomes the cornerstone for further television development. Zworkin later develops the kinescope for picture display and patent s a color television system.

1928 The Federal Radio Commission issues the first television station license (W3XK) to Charles Jenkins.

1930 Charles Jenkins broadcasts the first TV commercial. The BBC begins regular TV transmissions. 1936 About 200 television sets are in use worldwide.

1937 television was demonstrated at the New York World’s Fair and San Francisco Golden Gate International Exposition. RCA’s David Sarnoff used his company’s exhibit at the 1939 World’s Fair as a showcase for the 1^st Presidential speech on television and to introduce RCA’s new line of television receivers, some of which had to be coupled with a radio if you wanted to hear sound. The Dumont Company starts making TV sets.

1940 Peter Goldmark invents 343 lines of resolution color TV system

A mechanical means of producing a color picture was used in 1949 to broadcast medical procedures from Pennsylvania and Atlantic City hospital. In Atlantic City, viewers could come to the convention center to see broadcasts of operations. Reports from the time noted that the realism of seeing surgery in color caused more than a few viewers to faint. Although Goldmark’s mechanical system was eventually replaced by an electronic system he is recognized as the first to introduce a broadcasting color television system.

1967 Most TV broadcasts are in color.

1969 July 20, first TV transmission from the moon and 600 million people watch.

1972 Half the TV’s in homes are color sets.

1976 Sony introduced betamax, the first home video cassette recorder.

1984 Stereo TV broadcasts approved.

1993 Closed captioning required on all sets.

A billion TV sets worldwide.

Our university as many other or even every university use these invents: TV, computers, radios and such a progress make a great influence on every person in our world and the most important, that it will be continue.

The problem is that science makes for bad epistemology. If all we know and how we know what we know (the definition of epistemology) comes from only our five senses,then how can we know what is moral? There is no morality, except natural law – kill or be killed. There is no value to life of any kind since more can be made. There is no human dignity since people are just animals with bigger, better brains.