Economic sciences /11. Logistic

Podzygun Marina Ivanovna

Odessa State Economic University, Ukraine

Modern problems of realization of a transport-dispatch activity in Ukraine

The market of transport-dispatch maintenance of Ukraine develops rapid enough and unforeseeable rates. Both permanent growth of transport powers testifies to it and substantial, as compared to past years, increase of amount of shallow and large private enterprises, companies and shallow firms. The not last place among them is occupied by the dispatch firms of different types and patterns of ownership.

Last years at highest governmental level much talked about the necessity of integration of Ukraine for the European transport structures and development of transport corridors through this country. There is plenty of organizational problems, without the decision of which it is impossible not only to think about so global projects but also develop the civilized dispatch business in Ukraine.

There are such problems:

- Problem of points of admission

One of such problems is imperfection of the operating checking of loads system in the points of admission. It should be noted that up to recent time the list of loads with codes, which are controled one or another service absented in general. From one side, it resulted in duplication of functions of separate supervisory organs, and from other - the large-sized names of groups of loads, indicated in department instructions, not always allowed simply to identify the necessity of one or another kind not always allowed simply to identify the necessity of one or another type of control for a concrete load.

To permission of problems, related to control of loads in the points of admission, combination of all his kinds with the customs clearance of load and transference of control would promote on internal customs. In the points of admission it is possible it would be to leave control of the very limited nomenclature of loads which make insignificant part of general commodity turnover.

- Custom pressure

Custom can detain custom pressure on 7-10 days container, sending the most ordinary load (commodities of folk consumption or some raw material) on research in a custom laboratory. As though such of principle value for Ukraine has a percentage of cotton (50 or 60%) in these commodities, transported a trunk-to-trunk on its territory. Even if after research complete accordance of load documents will be revealed, on payment of outage there is nobody to claim right, as a custom renounces to make a certificate about the delay of load.

In order that to barrier dispatch from the illegal requirements of supervisory organs and do this procedure opened and civilized, it is necessary, certainly, that on every supervisory service and code of load there was a clear list of documents, necessary for passing of control. It is necessary also to give legal defense dispatch from the possible wrong acts of workers of separate supervisory organs on a border. Presently it feasibly only at registration of load in a custom, where possibility of delivery of card of refuse is foreseen. In all other supervisory services the document of the set form about a refuse in registration, which would be entertained by a court, is not foreseen. Opening would be instrumental in the increase of level of legal culture on the electronic sites of ministries, supervisory the organs of which are in the points of admission, lines of trust, where it is by e-mail possible it would be to send information about the proper violations. Now such line is only on a site SCSU (State custom service of Ukraine).

- Legal problems

To other problems of a dispatch activity in Ukraine it is possible to take that from all great number of conventions, regulative international transportations (them over 10), ratified Ukraine only 3. Two from them (Warsaw convention 1929 and adding to it 1955) touch air shipments, and third is Convention about CMR (1956) - regulates surface transportations.

As for a marine transport, a complete legal vacuum is here felt, as out of eyeshot our legislators remained: 1) Convention about standardization of some rules in the bill of lading (1924); 2) Convention of UNO about marine transportation of loads (1978); 3) Convention of UNO about the international mixed transportations of loads (1980) and some other.

- Problems at the seaside

There is also a row of problems into which dispatch runs because of vagueness of legal status in our country of a basic marine transport document - bill of lading.

In many documents is mentioned about the bill of lading, but it is indicated in none of them, that an original or copy of this document must be given. If a load goes a trunk-to-trunk or under custom control on an internal custom, for dispatch of original of bill of lading can be not in general. In addition, how to be in that case, when the original of bill of lading is not published (express V/C or in place of him a marine invoice (Sea Waybill) is designed, certificate about transporting (FCT). However mentioned these documents nowhere in custom circulars are, and an inspector requires the bill of lading. At the same time compatible rules for the document letters of credit let jars to produce payment not only on the basis of producing of bill of lading but also other documents at transportation of loads a sea.

Measures of daily necessity

In a context aforesaid the urgent decision of many organizational questions, not requiring the heavy tolls of financial resources is needed, but capable substantially to improve the results of transport-dispatch activity.

- At first, round-the-clock custom registration in port of containers, followings under custom control (import and trunk-to-trunk), including output and festive days.

- Secondly, possibility of handing over of empty containers in port at any time days.

- Thirdly, differentiating of streams of transport vehicles, followings with the loaded and empty containers.

- Fourthly, simplification uncomfortable, trenching upon much time of procedure of payment of single collection.

- Fifthly, simplification of bulky chart of registration of transit loads.