Investigation of the Licorice Plant Raw Material Wastes Hydrolysis.

Assilbekova A., (Technology), R. Kozikeyeva, Candidate of Sc. (Technology), Koblanova O., Candidate of Sc. (Technology). Bitemirova А. Е., of Sc. (Technology)

International Kazakh-Turkish University named after H.A. Yassaui

Licorice root has been one of the most ancient medication means [1]. A great number of the polysaccharides are available in the wastes of its processing; the polysaccharide molecules keep every monosaccharide connected to the following monosaccharide by the glycoside ties, it can in its turn have one or several monosaccharide substituent. If only one substituent is available in every case, the polysaccharide molecule looks like a line chain, in which only final monosaccharide are present in an unusual position.

Monosaccharide structure formation starts with the monosaccharide, which comprise its composition, identification,. The next stage is the process of monosaccharide substituent number and the place of connection to every monosaccharide determination. Finally, it’s necessary to characterize the polymeric molecules as a whole from the point of view of their composition regularity and to determine the polysaccharide molecular weight and macromolecular (secondary) structure.

The main approach to state the polysaccharide structure is the splitting of the polymer molecule into the small fragments [2], revealing of the fragments’ structure and the following reconstruction of the initial composition structure. Splitting of the several types are usually employed in investigation of the polysaccharide: firstly, all glycoside ties complete hydrolysis, enabling to state what monosaccharide comprises the given polymer; secondly, the partial splitting, providing for the lowest oligosaccharide, which structure corresponds to the separate parts of the polymer molecule.

Full splitting of the polysaccharide into its integral components usually is the first stage of the investigation and it’s necessary to identify those components and to fix the quantitative correlations between them.

Nowadays, plant raw material - cotton pods are used for obtaining monosaccharide. The main problem of the given production process is the shortage and high cost of the initial raw material, this is the reason why the existing poly- atoms spirits production enterprises for the last few years are not working in full swing or are not producing anything at all.

Aiming to study the possibilities of the widening of the plant raw material selection we have investigated the process of the licorice processing wastes hydrolysis.

To eliminate the unwilling impurities we have finely chopped plant raw material and processed it with the sulfuric acid 10% solution during 2 hrs, having the correlation of the initial raw material and solvent as following: (1: 10) [3]. Sulfuric acid is more often used for the hydrolysis, in comparison with the other mineral acids, because it is easily removed from the reaction mixture by Bari Sulfate precipitation, besides, it causes the least monosaccharide destruction. Partial hydrolysis was performed with the 0, 01 n of the sulfur acid solution at temperature 373 K during 2 hrs. Bertran method was employed to determine the reducible substances in the obtained hydrolyze while using the licorice wastes. Individual monosaccharide in the hydrolyzes were analyzed with the help of the paper chromatography [4]; paper Filtrak FN-3, 11 AND 14 in the solvent systems: butanol: vinegar acid: water (4:1:5). The substance was revealed by the sprinkling first by the first reagent KJO₄ , and then by the mixture of the Benzedrine, acetone, and Chloral hydrogen acid in correlation 10:2:1.

High temperature hydrolysis being very beneficial, it is useless to hold the hydrolysis of the polysaccharides which are difficult to dissolve at temperatures453-461K. The vapor expenses are rising vividly in the high temperature hydrolysis; a slight increase of the monosaccharide output doesn’t exceed the expenses of the high pressure vapor. Besides, the temperature rising provides for not only monosaccharide formation velocity, but for their destruction velocity as well. This circumstance needs the timely and quick evacuation of the monosaccharide from the hydrolysis apparatus, and it may be fulfilled with the help of the more exact methods of the boiling process controlling in comparison with the method employed nowadays.

Hydrolysis of the easily hydrolyzed monosaccharide is performed in the more mild conditions in comparison with the hydrolysis of the problem - hydrolyzed monosaccharide. The hydrolysis temperature rising more than 433K provides for the heavy disintegration of the sugar formed and saving of the unnecessary, interfering the monosaccharide chemical processing in the hydrolyze. This is the reason for the easily hydrolyzed monosaccharide hydrolysis to take place at the temperature 393-413K.

The formed monosaccharide is constantly evacuated from the hydrolysis apparatus in the acid hydrolysis, that’s why the monosaccharide time expense (the period staying in the hydrolysis apparatus) is always less than the hydrolysis period (the period of the hydrolyzed raw material staying in the hydrolysis apparatus). As far as the monosaccharide output is determined at the given hydrolysis depth (the part of the dissolved polysaccharide to their initial content in the raw material) by the correlation of the hydrolysis period and the monosaccharide expense period, it is necessary to aim the lowering of the monosaccharide expense period. The monosaccharide output in the acid hydrolysis is greatly influenced by the raw material fineness, i.e. its granule metric composition. The higher the fineness extent, the higher the monosaccharide extraction extent. It is necessary to provide an extensive enriching of the raw material with the dissolved acid. If the raw material particles are large, the enriching process and hydrolysis are not so successful, and the monosaccharide output is insignificant.

Monosaccharide Content in the Hydrolisate

Raw material	RW output, % of the dry raw material	Content in the Hydrolisate, g per 100 g.
Raw material	RW output, % of the dry raw material	Xylose	Arabinosa	Galaktosa	Glucose	Mannose
Licorice	41,0	29,9	2,5	2,6	20,6	2,4

The analysis results have proved that different types of licorice contain monosaccharide in the limits of 28-58 % (table), depending on the place of its growing and soil-climate conditions, it testifies to the usefulness of the chemical-pharmaceutical manufacturing licorice wastes in the process of producing monosaccharide as an accessible and cheaper plant raw material instead of the deficient cotton pod.

REFERENCES:

1. Muraviev I.A., Sokolov V.S. Prospects of Licorice Study and Using in the USSR National Economy// Problems of Licorice Study and Usage in the USSR. – M., 1996. – P. 113-122.

2. Kerimbayeva K.Z., Kedelbayev B.Sh. and others. Raw Material Polysaccharide Usage // International Kazakh-Turkish University Bulletin. – Turkistan. – 1998. – No4. – P. 29-31.

3. Kedelbayev B.Sh., Tazhimetova A. and others. Polios from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Wastes // Search. – 1998. – No 2. – P.5-8.

4. Smirnov V.A. Glucose Manufacturing //Proceedings of the Leningrad Technological Institute of the Nutrition Production.