Àlmagul
Agibayeva, Aset Tagibaev, Eleonora Dzhakashova,
Laura
Alzhanova
M.H.
Dulaty Taraz State University, 080000, Taraz, Tole bi 60, Republic of Kazakhstan
The influence of plant producing glass empties on the
environment
It is the purpose of the study
to research of the influence of emissions of the industrial base of the “Yuzhniy -3” branch of JSC “Glass
works SAF” on
environment and efficiency of environmental activities of the enterprise.
The
only existing glass plant producing glass empties in Kazakhstan is JSC Glass
Company “SAF” was founded in 1999. The industrial base of the “Yuzhniy -3”
branch of JSC “GP SAF” has 1 industrial site with 40 sources of harmful
emissions into the atmosphere, including mobile trucks, among them 32 sources
are organized. Regulatory emission of harmful
substances in 2010 is 17.7066 g/s, 473.8298 tons/year [1].
Source of water supply of the enterprise is its own borehole (¹ 0184/21a) water consumption is carried out for industrial
and domestic use, as well as watering on green spaces and hard surfaces with
water, in accordance with a special Permitting for use. On industrial platform domestic sewage and sewer
water are formed. Amount of waste
water is 0.03 m3/day, 109.5 m3/year. Sewer and melting
water drainage from the territory of the gas station is provided into a sewage
treatment system.
As a result of activities
of the company following types of waste are formed industrial waste, municipal
solid waste (MSW) and rubbish from the territory; given the number of employees
at the 417 people per year, municipal solid waste is produced at 600 tons/year.
At storage of solid waste and overflow of metal containers it is possible to
contaminated sites their placement and drainage of contaminated runoff after
rain.
Implementation of timely, effectively and well developed environmental
activities is a key element in reducing the harmful effect of the enterprise on
the environment.
Upon
the glass manufacture process, air-polluting compounds like nitrogen oxides,
sulfur dioxide and particulates are released. The last are even more of a
health issue since the particles of metals, chemicals, acids and dust that the
particulates are comprised of are so tiny (10 micrometers or even smaller) that
they are able to easily enter the nose and throat and reach the lungs, where
they produce quite some damage.
It is the purpose of the study
to research of the influence of emissions of the industrial base of the “Yuzhniy -1,2” branch of JSC
“Glass Plant SAF” on environment and efficiency of environmental
activities of the enterprise.
Methods of investigation -
account and checkup of the sources surge plant were conducted by a conventional methods. Sanitary-hygienic,
sanitary-microbiological tests and measurements of physical factors (including
the analysis of groundwater meeting to the requirements SanR&N*
30200204) held once in three month by the Center for sanitary-epidemiological
inspection of the Almaty region, according to an annually renewed
agreement.
* - Sanitary Regulations and Norms
According to the draft manual section of the borehole, the monitoring
the volume of fresh water extracted from the borehole, the carried out daily
using water meters of STV*-80 mark, having a quality certificate and
passed the state quality control. Dynamic and static groundwater level is
measured once in three month with electric level measurer, the temperature of
underground water - once a quarter with thermometers. Data are recorded in the
log standard pattern.
As a result of investigation
the following facts were obtained.
The only existing glass plant producing glass
empties in Kazakhstan is JSC Glass Company “SAF”. JSC “Glass works “SAF” was
founded in 1999 on the basis of three branches: the branch “Yuzhniy – 3”
(Almaty region), the branch “Yuzhniy-1, 2” (Zhambyl region) and the branch
“Vostok - steklo” (East Kazakhstan region). The main activity of the company is
production of glass. Productive capacity is 250 million conventional bottles
per year. The “Yuzhniy - 3” branch of JSC “Glass works SAF” is located in an
industrial zone Pervomaiskiy vill., on the territory of former
“Remstroytechnika” and borders:
• on the north - the territory of oil depots and
Almaty broiler farm;
• on the west, east and south - the industrial
objects "Remstroytehnika;
• on the south – at a distance of 570 meters is
a railway Almaty, Zhambyl Otar;
• on the west - at a distance of 280 meters
river Aschybulak.
The nearest residential area of
"Remstroytehnika is located at a distance of 560 meters in a
south-easterly direction from the outermost source.
The nearest habitation area is Karasu village situated at a distance of 1800 meters in a south-easterly direction
from the site.
The industrial base of the “Yuzhniy -3” branch
of JSC “GP SAF” has 1 industrial site with 40 sources of harmful emissions into
the atmosphere, including mobile trucks, among them 32 sources are organized. Regulatory
emission of harmful substances in 2010 is 17.7066 g/s, 473.8298 tons/year.
Emission sources are the following:
-Two chimneys on a 1, 2 glass melting furnaces as
fuel gas from Bukhara is used. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, dust charge (20-70% SiO2) are released into the
atmosphere.
-General exchange ventilation of the producing plant shop, packaging of
finished products plastic film. Carbon monoxide and acetic acid are released
into the atmosphere:
- Tube of the aspiration system of from the of transport line of cullet
and batch. Inorganic dust (more than 70% SiO2) is released in the
air.
- Tube of the aspiration system of from the hopper furnace ¹ 1.
Inorganic dust (more than 70% SiO2) is emitted in air.
- Tube of the aspiration system of from the hopper furnace ¹ 2.
Inorganic dust (more than 70% SiO2) is released in the air.
-Pipe of the gas cleaning system of the drying drum from feldspar
concentrate. Inorganic dust (more than 20% SiO2) is released in the
air.
- Pipe of the gas cleaning system of the drying drum from sands.
Inorganic dust (more than 70% SiO2) is released in the air.
- Pipe of the gas cleaning system of the drying drum from limestone or
dolomite. Dryer drum turns works either on limestone or on dolomite. Inorganic
dust (less than 20% SiO2) is released in the air.
* - Water Meter
Technical
- Tube of the aspiration system from the sand processing line. Inorganic
dust (more than 70% SiO2) is released in the air.
-A single pipe from two aspiration systems from the crusher and
polygonal bolter of limestone or dolomite. Crusher and screen work in turn
either limestone or on dolomite. In the air is released inorganic dust (less
than 20% SiO2);
- Tube of the aspiration system from the limestone or dolomite.
Transportation of the materials in turn works line of transport either on
limestone or dolomite. Inorganic dust (less than 20% SiO2) is
released in the air.
- Tube of the aspiration system on the line processing and transporting
of soda ash (systems operate in turn, with single source). In the atmospheric
air is blown sodium carbonate powder is blown up into the atmosphere.
- Tube of the aspiration system the line processing and transporting of
sodium sulfate. air Dust sodium sulfate is blown into the atmospheric air.
- Tube of the aspiration system the line of transporting of feldspar
concentrate after drying. Inorganic dust (less than 20% SiO2) is
emitted into the atmospheric air.
- Tube of the aspiration system the line of transporting of feldspar
concentrate. Inorganic dust (less than 20% SiO2) is emitted into the
atmospheric air.
- Tube of the aspiration system the line of processing and transporting
of feldspar concentrate. Inorganic dust (less than 20% SiO2) is
emitted into the atmospheric air.
-A pipe of the aspiration system from the line processing of cullet.
Inorganic dust (more than 70% SiO2) is released in the air.
-A pipe of the aspiration system of the weight line number 1 on the
compilation batch cullet. Inorganic dust (20-70% SiO2) is released
in the air.
-A pipe of the aspiration system of the weight line number 2 on the
drafting of the charge. Inorganic dust (20-70% SiO2) is released in
the air.
-A pipe from the aspiration system from the dosing-mixing line drawing
of the charge. Inorganic dust (20-70% SiO2) is released in the air.
-A pipe of the aspiration system B from the line of transportation
charge. Inorganic dust (20-70% SiO2) is released in the air.
-A pipe of the aspiration system the cullet processing line. Inorganic
dust (more than 70% SiO2) (source 23) is released in the air.
-Gate opening number 1. Emission of harmful substances occurs during
unloading and the pouring of raw materials: sands, feldspar concentrates,
dolomite, limestone and cullet are blown into the atmosphere. Dust sand and
cullet (over70% SiO2), dust feldspar concentrate and limestone (less
than 20% SiO2) are blown into the atmosphere.
-Gate opening number 2. Emissions of harmful substances occurs during
unloading and pouring of soda ash into the air dust soda ash (sodium carbonate)
is ejected.
-Maneuvering of vehicles on the parking is accompanied by combustion of
fuel during engine operation: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, soot, nitrogen
oxides, sulfur dioxide and benzo(a) pyrene are emitted.
-RMC*-general exchange ventilation. When processing of carbon
steel in grinding and surface grinding machines, abrasive dust (inorganic
silicon containing 20-70% SiO2) and metal (particulate substances)
is released. At cooling and lubricating of cutting tools on turning, drilling,
milling, cross-planning, jig boring, and surface grinding machines with engine
oil, oil sprays (oil). When operating of acetylene generator nitrogen oxides are
emitted. When surfacing alloy C-27 welding aerosol (inorganic dust less than
20% SiO2), oxides of chromium and nickel are released.
-The exhaust pipe of the cyclone chamber from blasting mold sets. When
processing of mold sets metal dust and small particles of sand (inorganic dust
20-70% SiO2) are allocated.
* - Mechanical
repair shop
-General exchange ventilation of the welding section of the RMC. At the
welding section of RMC work: welding machine of manual arc welding and cutting
machine carbon steel propanbutan mixture. When welding many electrodes are
used. Iron oxide, manganese dioxide, hydrogen fluoride are released into the
atmosphere.
-Gas cutting of carbon steel by propanbutan mixture. Iron oxide, carbon
monoxide, manganese oxide, oxides of nitrogen are emitted.
-The exhaust pipes of diesel power-station. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons, soot, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene are
allocated by engine installation.
-Respiratory valve of tanks of diesel fuel. To reserve diesel fuel of glass melting
furnaces and diesel generators used two underground tanks
with 75m3 capacity each. C12-C19 hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide
are allocated.
-Emissions (leakage) at the stop and control valves, safety valves on
the flanges of gas-storages.
-Storage backup of (emergency) fuel for the feeders of glass, annealing
furnaces and output part of glass melting furnaces as which used liquefied petroleum gas. There are nine underground storage
tanks with liquefied petroleum gas. Principal emission
at the source is a hydrocarbon.
-In the lab out determining of the quality of the supplied raw
materials, Fumes of sulfuric acid and fluoride (tetraflouride silicon) are
released into the atmosphere.
-A carpenter's shop moldings and joinery blanks (trays for glassware)
are produced. Wood dust arises when processing of timber.
-Maneuvering of trucks on the territory: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
soot, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and benzo(a)pyrene are emitted into the
atmosphere.
-When filling bowser trucks with diesel fuel fumes of petroleum
products: limiting hydrocarbons C12-C19, hydrogen sulfide (source ¹ 38) are
emitted.
-Shunting locomotive in transportation-wagons out of the impasse of
stations: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, soot, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide
are emitted.
Source of water supply of the enterprise is its own borehole (¹ 0184/21a) water consumption is carried out for industrial
and domestic use, as well as watering on green spaces and hard surfaces with
water, in accordance with a special Permiting for use.
The limit of water consumption is 91.5 thousand m3 per year,
250 m3/day including:
-drinking water: 50 m3/d; 18,250 m3/year;
-industrial water: 200 m3/d; 73,000 m3 per year
[2].
On industrial platform domestic sewage and
sewer water are formed. Domestic waste
water is discharged into the reservoir JSC “Remstroytehnika”. Amount of waste
water is 0.03 m3/day, 109.5 m3/year. Sewer and melting
water drainage from the territory of the gas station is provided into a sewage
treatment system. Contaminated waste water comes into a sewage treatment plant
by gravity, after cleaning the water is used to irrigate the territory. Sewer
and melting water drainage from the rest of the site is provided along
pedestrian walkways, transportation, highways and into lower terrain relief.
Driveways and sidewalks are covered by asphalt concrete and framed by borders.
Industrial waste water that could be released onto the ground, and thus become
a source of groundwater pollution in industrial processes are absent. Water
wells are equipped with a pressure gauge to determine the water pressure, water
meters, valves for water sampling and piezometers for determining the dynamic
groundwater level.
According to the quarterly account given to the Balkhash-Alakol basin
inspection, information obtained as a result of the primary account of water,
and once a year is a statistical report on the fence, use and disposal of water
(Water Industry) is made.
Formation, temporary storage, transportation, disposal or
recycling of waste planned during of the exploitation are potential sources of
exposure on the environmental components. As a result of activities of the company following types of waste are
formed:
-Industrial waste;
-Municipal Solid Waste (MSW);
-Rubbish from the territory;
Industrial wastes include:
-about 50 tons of metal scrap is formed a year, which on is passed to “Vtorchermet”
recycling enterprises.
-when operating vehicles and tractors up to four tires are worn and
produces up to 0.3 tons of waste motor oil. Tires are hands in rubber company
RTI* for recycling and waste oil are sent to oil refinery for
regeneration;
-Fluorescent lamps used to illuminating of the premises and territory.
The enterprise uses fluorescent lamps in the amount of 478. Every year, 1000
lamps become useless, which, in order to prevent pollution of the environment
from highly toxic wastes are sent for recycling to LLC** “Synap
plus” "according to the contract.
-oil and solid residues collected in rainwater treatment plants are used
for manufacture of asphalt and concrete.
-municipal and solid waste and rubbish collected in containers, and then
disposed of in landfills according to contract with the utilities.
Given the number of employees at the 417 people per year, municipal
solid waste is produced at 600 tons/year. At storage of solid waste and
overflow of metal containers it is possible to contaminated sites their
placement and drainage of contaminated runoff after rain. To avoid such
situations regular removal of solid waste and disinfection of containers and
sites for their installation should be performed. So, for monitoring the impact
of waste production it is necessary constantly monitor the timely removal of
waste.
For all wastes passports of hazardous wastes is developed and the
records of movement of these wastes is kept. Reports on hazardous waste in
according to the form is given anually ¹ 316-p dated November 2, 2007.
To prevent the harmful effects of waste water the following activities
are implemented:
-Monitoring of water consumption and wastewater volumes.
-Control after the technical condition state of vehicles in order to
avoid spillage of fuels and lubricants.
-Organization of data collection and storage of waste, excluding the
impact on groundwater.
-Conducting of routine preventive maintenance of equipment.
Monitoring of the impact on a surface and ground water should be reduced
to monitoring of the implementation of environmental measures.
In order to protect soil from pollution, the company executed the
following activities:
-The entire area free from buildings and landscaping covered with
asphalt concrete and lined with curbs.
-Container filling units’ oil storage and fueling of vehicles is mounted
on concrete pad, framed with curbs;
-A special concrete pad for installation of closed metal containers for
the collection of solid waste, which prevents contamination of soil is
organized.
-The organization of relief made with the account of surface water, not
contaminated with petroleum products from the sites of warehouses on the
topography of the green stripes [3].
* - technical rubber product company
** - Limited Liability Company
Internal audits at the plant JSC Glass works "SAF" are held
weekly. Responsible for conducting internal audits is an engineer-ecologist.
During the course of internal audits it is monitored:
-performing of environmental measures provided by program of industrial environmental control;
-following the manufacturing instructions and rules relating to
environmental protection;
-performing îf the conditions of permits
for special nature;
-accuracy of reporting on the results of environmental control;
- testing of every object emitted on environment.
If violations indentions to the list of violations specifying is given
the pointing methods of their eliminating and deadline. According to the
results of internal audits the responsible for the environment makes a written
report to the head of the company and keeps industrial monitoring.
Thus, we can effectively assess the impact of a glass containers plant
to producing on the environment and timely develop environmental activities.
Implementation of timely, effectively and well developed environmental
activities is a key element in reducing the harmful effect of the enterprise on
the environment.
References
1. Working draft "Assessment of the environmental impact of the
plant for the production of glass, in 2000, Almaty
2. Draft standards for maximum permissible emissions of pollutions into
the air plant to produce glass, 2007, Almaty
3.
The program of "environmental control"
branch of the “Yuzhniy -1,2”, JSC “Glass works "SAF"” at 2007-2012
years., Almaty