Ryzhkovа U A, Almakaeva VA
Рыжкова Ю.А., Алмакаева В.А.
Penza State University, Penza
Пензенский
государственный университет, Пенза
Features of
development of knowledge-based economy
Currently, when globalization of the economy becomes global, there are
stringent requirements for the region's competitiveness. In this regard, the
importance of targeted regions for sustainable development based on innovation,
including the latest information technology. This course has become an integral
part of socio-economic policies in the regions. And experience shows that today
there is the only one inexhaustible source - the information and knowledge. It
is characteristic for the Russian economy [3].
In contrast to traditional methods of managing conventional economic (
based on the schema «demand-supply»), information economy are based on
messedzhmente, innovative entrepreneurship, information engineering and
avtoformalizatsii economic processes.
The development of information economy due to the increased role of the
kinds of activities that are associated with the production of information
products and services, as well as transfer transactions in electronic form.
There are five stages
in the formation information economy [2].
1. The penetration of information technology in the production of
2. The massive introduction
of information technology
and standardized
systems of
domination
3.Izbytochnye power production technology and information sector is superior to other
4. Go
to the
predominant production
of information
and knowledge
Thus, the information economy as an area of knowledge can be characterized as metaekonomika.
This specific area of
knowledge manifests
itself in
the study of
information as a resource, combining
the separate aspects of it into a single object,
functioning in the market and state regulation. Its main role for us - study of regular trends in the sphere of information and electronic, its functions in the formation and
development in Russia of the information technological system; conditions and factors
of the
effective implementation of these functions.
In order to assess how the economy of Russia belongs to the type of information professionals has been developed index of U.S. information economy - important
tool for
determining the dynamics and stability of the economy.
Most central European countries have significantly reduced its rating
especially Russia, Poland and Hungary. Other countries have shown remarkable
the economic growth in the late 90th and early 21st century, but they did not
make significant investments in the new economy.
A
World Bank report for 2009 presents data on the knowledge economy index calculated
as the average of the four indices:
Russia's place in the world in the knowledge economy index is shown in Table [4]
|
rating |
change |
Countru |
Knowledge Economy Index |
index of knowledge |
institutsimonalny mode |
Innovation |
education |
ICT |
|
1 |
+2 |
Denmark |
9,52 |
9,49 |
9,61 |
9,49 |
9,78 |
9,21 |
|
2 |
-1 |
Sweden |
9,51 |
9,57 |
9,33 |
9,76 |
9,29 |
9,66 |
|
3 |
-1 |
Finland |
9,37 |
9,39 |
9,31 |
9,67 |
9,77 |
8,73 |
|
4 |
▬ |
Netherlands |
9,35 |
9,39 |
9,22 |
9,45 |
9,21 |
9,52 |
|
5 |
+2 |
Novregiya |
9,31 |
9,25 |
9,47 |
9,06 |
9,60 |
9,10 |
|
6 |
+6 |
Canada |
9,17 |
9,08 |
9,45 |
9,44 |
9,26 |
8,54 |
|
7 |
+2 |
Great Britain |
9,10 |
9,06 |
9,24 |
9,24 |
8,49 |
9,45 |
|
8 |
+6 |
Ireland |
9,05 |
8,98 |
9,26 |
9,08 |
9,14 |
8,71 |
|
9 |
-3 |
USA |
9,02 |
9,02 |
9,04 |
9,47 |
8,74 |
8,83 |
|
10 |
-5 |
Switzerland |
9,01 |
9,09 |
8,79 |
9,90 |
7,68 |
9,68 |
|
… |
||||||||
|
60 |
+4 |
Russia |
5,55 |
6,82 |
1,76 |
6,88 |
7,19 |
6,38 |
|
… |
||||||||
On the words of the leadership of the WEF in 2010 managed to keep
Sweden, joined by Singapore, Finland, Switzerland, the United States. As for
the BRIC countries, Russia has only the last place.
Since the level of network readiness index is complex and takes into
account a number of criteria, it allows you to identify the strengths and
weaknesses of each state in the sphere of information and communication
technologies (ICT).
With regard to other indicators that determine the progress of the state
in Information Technology, Russia has no cause for pride. Thus, 2010 has ended
for this country 59 out of 191 in the ranking in terms of readiness
fore-government. n 2009, the index of the knowledge economy from the World Bank
has put our country at the 60th position out of 145, the level of development
of information technology, Russia was between Uruguay and Ukraine, taking 50th
place out of 154 countries.
The Russian government is aware of the importance of incremental
development, and communications infrastructure and at the end of 2010 the
Presidium of the Russian Government approved a national program developed by
the Ministry of Communications "Information Society for 2011-2020, which
is planned to allocate 88.03 billion rubles of budget. To achieve the goals
proposed monitoring system and continuous monitoring of statistical indicators,
which would allow monitoring the progress and outcomes of state programs. It is
hoped that the planned progress has come to pass.
If the "old economy" were the importance of material factors
(labor, money and natural resources), then the use of information technologies
is a key factor in effective transition to the new economy, what makes the global
information economy better to determine the level of development of high
technology in each country. It serves as a basis for developing programs of
transition to information society and assess risks associated with this
process.
List of sources used:
1. Корнейчук
Б. В. Информационная экономика. Учебное пособие.-СПб.: Питер,
2006. — 400 с
2. URL:http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
3.URL:http://www.nauka-shop.com/mod/shop/productID/35149/ -
Становление и развитие информационной экономики в регионе
4. URL:ttp://gtmarket.ru/ratings/knowledge-economy-index/knowledge-economy-index-info
индекс экономики знаний - информация об исследовании