Kosenco U. G.
Romanenko T. L.
Foreign
funds in bank system of
The
geographical expantion and consolidation of the banks
have crossed the borders of separate countries and have covered the whole
world. The Banks become the powerful financial conglomerates, which are a new
type of transformed, focused and regenerated universal banks. Neither
Recently, in the context of the entering the
Ukraine WTO the presence of the foreign bank capital in
The
First representation of the foreign banks came up for
The
Presence of the banks with foreign funds in bank system of the
During
2007 the number of banks with foreign funds continued to increase. According to
NBU, on
But
at the same time we cannot consider foreign bank capital the same as domestic, but
a little more efficient and more civilized, and the one problem is its further
attraction. The main reason of entering foreign banks the Ukrainian bank system
became first of all undevelopment of its own bank sector that means the high
potential for the growing, and, secondly, neighborhood with Eurounion.
Among
the main foreign investors that invest the facilities in banks of Eastern and
Central Europe are average regional European banks: such as Belgium KVS, Austrian
Bank Austria, Erste and Raiffeisen, Italian UniCredito and BCI Intesa, French
Societe Generale, German Commerzbank and Dresdner Bank. Last years attempts to
become regional was made some by Greek banks: Alpha Bank, National Bank of
Greece, Piraeus Bank, however their expantion is limited by the frame of the
Balkan region (
Practicability
of the further growing presence of foreign funds in bank system of the country
is conditioned objective needs:
-
following monetization of the economy and absorptions of the additional money
mass by bank system;
-
increasing level of lending the economy as premiseses of necessary structured
shifts;
-
quick development of financial market;
-
direct use of modern bank technologies and experience of bank management as
premiseses of further institulisation of national financial system;
-
increasing to competitiveness and operated integrations in global economic
space.
It
is important that attraction of foreign funds will promote the reduction to
corruption, legalization of salary and corresponding increase the social
deductions, increasing standard ensure contribution.
At
the same time attraction of foreign funds carries serious problems not only for
bank system, but also for domestic economy and economic safety of the state as
a whole. Among these problems we can choose the most serious ones:
1.
Structured risks of "dependent development" because of this of the whole
complex of economic, social and political problems. Formal and informal
criteria and purposes banks activity with foreign funds can not coinside with
national purpose of social-economic development. Structured backwardness and institutional
a weakness of the economy of
2.
Threat of „whole
globalisation” of the national
economic system and loss of the economic sovereignty. In conditions of growing of
global instability and conflict ability with unpredictable consequences this
scenario, is extremely undesirable.
3.
Threats for economic safety of the country through possible uncontrolled with
drow capital of and financial resources. The Initial influx of foreign funds in
the forms of opening branches and particularly – acquisition of nonresidents of
a part or the whole authorized capital of the domestic banks in time can lead
to serious withdraw o resources out of country and removing incomes abroad.
The
main trends to optimization of the tolerance of the foreign bank capital must
be:
First,
increasing the share of foreign bank capital in bank system must occur
gradually - in accordance with making the favorable internal conditions of the
development of the bank sector and increasing competitiveness of the national
bank capital.
Second,
remember about fortification and the following development of the segment of
the banks with state capital, which specialize on provision strategic social,
structured and foreign economic tasks of the economic growth (Sberbank,
Eksimbank, Bank of Reconstructions and Developments).
Third,
one should introduce normative-organizing selection and monitoring of access of
the foreign bank capital on the basis of national priority developments;
introduce the prohibition on access of the banks from offshore zones.
Fourth,
clearly normalize selling the banks with national capital to foreign owners.
The
Realization of such actions give the opportunity to neutralize or at least once
minimize the negative consequences of the increase of the share of foreign
funds in bank system of Ukraine, as well as use the advantages of such presence
for the next realignment of national economy, fortification of money-credit
market and financial system in general.