Mel’niсk V. N., Karachun V.V.

National Technical University of Ukraine «KPI»

THE ENERGY OF SOUND WAVES

For the last 15 years the contribution of Ukrainian launch vehicles (LV) starts amounts 8% of total number of starts in the world. This provides Ukraine with the third place after the USA and the Russian Federation. Since 1999 the Ukrainian launch vehicles confidently have entered the world market of commercial starting service. At present five space rocket complexes of Ukrainian development Tsyklon-2, Tsyklon-3, Zenit-2, Zenit-3SL and Dnipro provide launches of spacecrafts from space launching sites of different countries. Now the project “Tsyklon-4” is coming to the end.

Despite rush development of alternative navigation means, particularly global radio navigation satellite systems of “TRANZIT” and “TSUKADA” categories with the usage of low-orbit Earth man-made satellites and also medium orbit “NAVSTAR” and GLONAS that provide prompt navigation of ground, sea and air devices and spacecrafts in open (S/A-code) and close for military users, (P-code) channel modes and foundation of Global European geostationary system GALLILEO. The inertial navigation systems still remain one of the most important at moving-objects nowadays, because of their significant advantage – self regulation. In passing, the International Convention SOLAS-74 made a decision concerning obligatory completion of boats of water load with gyrocompass.

In launch vehicle control systems two-stage floating gyroscopes, hydro stabilized platforms, gyroscopic integrators of rocket linear accelerations, free gyroes, gyroscopic vertical lines and other means are widely used. Part of them has a double functioning: navigational and flight.

The penetrating acoustic radiation is the most dangerous for detectors of correction systems devices of inertial radiation. By its destination they should considerably react to the change of these or those parameters, therefore the through-passing acoustic wave will add the significant bend of real situation and the row of unforeseen complications that follows after it.

The radical solving of problem is the apparatus sound isolation. Therewith passive sound isolation methods, Ukrainian Patents, which are adduced by writers, are the most suitable, because of their construction simplicity and engineering implementation.

Its is naturally that not only these means solve the problem. The compensative, self compensative, active methods and many other are probable here. The advantage of this or those method is described by production implementation specification.

The nature conception of impedance mechanical systems elastic interaction of inertial navigation devices and the analytical description of appearing wave processes bring to air-borne equipment errors and allow for the future:

- to develop the algorithms for the navigation equipment systems correction for the purpose to reach the structure that is invariant (or partially invariant) to outer disrupters;

- to detect the most effective methods and means to increase the accuracy of navigation equipment at full-size terms, specifically, self compensative clauses;

- to solve the local problems of making the maneuver of aircraft, including unmanned and also ground moving objects (fighting machines) with attraction of integrator navigation complexes – autonomous and overall satellite means;

- to solve the problems of elastic interaction of impedance mechanical systems of - the wave navigation apparatus with outer disturbing field of different physical nature on the grounds of resonant-type nonlinear phenomena – the wave coincidence, frequency spatial resonance;

- to come closely to constructing the acoustic transparent and acoustic

non-transparent (for solving the maintenance and echolocation problem) moving objects.

The general engine power of strategical bombardment aviation (battle administrator terminal (BAT) of category В-2А, В-52Н, В-1В) appears in the rage of 10...40 megawatt. Meanwhile the engines inject near 13...40 Т of fuel combustion materials. The engine power of tactical and deck aviation (TDA) crafts equal to 8... 16 megawatt.

10^-4 of all jet engine power turns into the acoustic vibrations. For one craft of BAT and ESA (engineering searching apparatus) types it amounts to 1...4 та 0,8... 1,6 kilowatt proper. During the craft flight over an hour period, the acoustic vibrations energy equal to 3,6... 14,4 та 2,9... 5,8 mega joule respectively. One aircraft, for example in the sky above Iraq (the INTERNET data – www.irak.ru, www.rambler.ru and other) in the March of 2003 during the battle injected into the environment the energy radiation of 2,9...5.8 mega joule.

The frequency spectrum of jet engine sound radiation is rather wide. Spectral radiation density obtains the maximum on the frequency that depends on the jet diameter and the efflux velocity of combustion materials, notably the Strouhal number St.

At the full-size conditions the acoustic flow is of 0,3...1 megawatt/m² power.

Thus the jet engine energy is injected into the environment by one its part that is implemented in the kind of penetrating acoustic radiation. And this energy will influence the devices and systems of command measuring aircraft complexes, reducing their ratings and impairing the tactics engineering data of apparatus in general. The reason of these changes is the acoustic vibration that is generated in the devices mechanical systems or in detectors. As it turned out, in this situation some perspective engineering solutions not only don’t carry out their destination, but moreover damage aircrafts. Specifically it regards to multi modular systems with liquid-phase components that serve as effective sound translators.

This fact covers its static and dynamic status equally.

It should be mentioned that the evident man-made windage of element base (for example, in gyroscopic integrator of linear accelerations, residual floatability in floating gyroscopes etc) is under the control of antisymmetric sound wave component that generates the angular momentum with furtherer measuring inaccurancy appearing.