U.B.Toleshova
candidate of pedagogical science, Al-Farabi University
T.B.Zhamalova
1rst course student of master degree, Al-Farabi University
One of the fundamental problems of science
dealing with the study of personality, is the study of the socialization
process, study a range of issues related to the way and so one becomes an
active social subject.
The history of the "socialization" of the term related misunderstanding, or
rather, the inaccuracy of the translation from German into English. However, a
new word stuck and accumulated a classical perspective. The notion of
"socialization" beyond traditional notions of "education"
and "education". Education involves the transfer of a certain amount
of knowledge. Education is understood as a system of targeted, deliberately
planned actions aimed at - the formation of a child's specific personality
traits and behavior skills. Socialization includes education and training, and
in addition, the totality of natural, nobody planned influences affecting the
personality, the process of assimilation of individuals into social groups.
There are two basic approaches to determining
the nature of socialization. Under the first approach, socialization - a
peculiar kind of training, it is "one-way street" where the party is
an active society, but the man himself - a passive object of his diverse
influences. The second approach is based on the paradigm of interaction and
emphasizes not only the activity exhibited by society, but the activity, the
selectivity of the individual. This socialization is seen as a process that
continues throughout a person's life. Accepted provide the primary
socialization, covering the period of childhood and secondary socialization,
takes longer time period and also includes mature and advanced age.
1. Socialization of personality
Socialization of the person is a process of
identity formation in certain social conditions, the process of assimilation of
human social experience in which a person converts social experience in their
own values and orientations, selectively enters into its system
behavior the norms and patterns of behavior that are accepted in society or
group. Standards of conduct, morality, human beliefs are determined by rules
that are accepted in society.
There are the following stages of socialization
[5]:
1. Primary socialization, or adaptation stage
(from birth to adolescence, a child acquires social experience uncritically
adapts, adjusts imitated).
2. individualization stage (there is a desire to
distinguish themselves among others, a critical attitude to the social norms of
behavior). In adolescence, the stage of individualization, self-determination
"Peace and I" is described as an intermediate socialization as still
unstable in the outlook and character of a teenager. Youth age (18 - 25 years)
is characterized as stable-conceptual socialization, when produced by stable
personality traits.
3. Stage of Integration (there is a desire to
find their place in society, "fit" into society). The integration
goes well, if the properties of a person taking a group, society. If not
accepted, the following outcomes:
preserve their otherness and the emergence of
aggressive interactions (relationships) with people and society;
change themselves, desire to "be like
everyone else" - conformity, external conciliation, adaptation.
4. Work the socialization stage covers the
entire period of human maturity, the entire period of his employment, when
people not only metabolizes social experience, but also reproduces it by active
influence on the environment through their activity.
5. After the labor stage of socialization
considering old age as the age, making a significant contribution to the
reproduction of social experience in the process of transferring it to new
generations.
Socialization - the process of identity
formation.
Personality - through the socialization process,
which includes the development:
• Culture of human relationships and social
experience;
• social norms;
• social roles;
• activities;
• forms of communication.
·
socialization mechanisms:
- Identification;
- Imitation - reproduction of the experience of
others, their movements, manners, behavior, speech;
- Sex-role typing - purchase behavior,
characteristic of the people of your gender;
- Social facilitation - strengthening of human energy, facilitating its activity in the
presence of others;
- Social inhibition - braking behavior and
activity under the influence of other people;
- Social impact - the behavior of one person
becomes similar to the behavior of the other person. The forms of social
influence: suggestibility - involuntary compliance of human influence,
conformity - a deliberate human view of compliance group (developed under the
influence of social pressure).
2. The social role
Every person living in society, including in a
variety of different social groups (family, group training, digging, and so
friendly).
In each of these groups, it takes a certain
position has a certain status to it must meet certain expectations. Thus, one
and the same person should behave in the same situation as the father, the
other - as a friend, in the third - as the Head, that is, act in different
roles...
Social role - appropriate way to the accepted
norms of behavior, depending on their status or position in society, in the
system of interpersonal relations.
The development of social roles - part of the
process of socialization, an indispensable condition for "growing" a
person in the society of their own kind. Socialization is the process and the
result of learning and playing an active individual social experience carried
out in dialogue and action.
Examples of social roles are also gender roles
(male or female behavior), professional roles.
Assimilating social roles, a person learns the
social standards of behavior, learning to evaluate themselves from the outside
and exercise self-control. However, as in real life, a person is included in
many of the activities and relationships, forced to perform different roles,
requirements which can be contradictory, there is a need for some mechanism
that would allow a person to maintain the integrity of the "I" in
terms of multiple connections with the world (ie, .e. to be himself, playing
different roles). The identity (or rather shaped substructure orientation) is
precisely the mechanism, functional body that allows you to integrate your
"I" and their own livelihoods, to carry out a moral assessment of
their actions, find a place not only in a particular social group, but also in
life in overall, generate meaning of their existence, to give up one for the
other.
Thus, the developed person can use role behavior
as a tool facilitating adaptation to certain social situations, while not
blending, without identifying himself with the role.
Role of personality concept originated in
American social psychology in the 30s. Twentieth century. (Charles Cooley,
George. Meade) and has spread to various sociological trends, particularly in the
structural and functional analysis. T. Parsons and his followers consider a
person as a function of the set of social roles that are inherent to any
individual in a given society.
Charles Cooley believed that personality is
formed based on a plurality of human interactions with the environment. During
these interactions people create their "mirror self." "I
Mirror" consists of three elements:
1) how, in our opinion, we are perceived by
others ( "I am convinced that people pay attention to my new hairstyle);
2) how, in our opinion, they react to what they
see ( "I'm sure they like my new haircut");
B) how we respond to our perceived reaction of
others ( "Apparently, I always comb").
This theory attaches great importance to our
interpretation of the thoughts and feelings of other people. American
psychologist George Herbert Mead went further in his analysis of the
development process of our "I". As Cooley, he believed that the
"I" - a social product, which is formed on the basis of relationships
with other people. At first, being little children, we can not explain to
myself the motives of others. By learning to interpret their behavior, children
do thus the first step in life. Having learned to think of themselves, they can
think about the other; the child begins to acquire a sense of the
"I".
According to Mead, the process of identity
formation involves different stages. The first - an imitation. At this stage,
children copy the behavior of adults, not understanding it. Then follows the
stage of the game, when children understand the behavior as the fulfillment of
certain roles: doctor, firefighter, racing driver, etc .; in the game they play
these roles.
Each role imposes certain imprint on the person,
on the identity of man as a person mobilizes the resources of his body and mind
to fulfill that and other roles. Sometimes there is intrapersonal conflict,
when a person is forced to play the role, presentation of which do not
correspond to his idea of himself, his individual "I".
Conclusion
Socialization - a long and difficult process of
identity formation, the gradual assimilation of society demands it: a certain
system of knowledge, norms, values, attitudes, behavior patterns necessary for
the successful functioning of the individual in a given society. The mechanism
of socialization consists of the decision-making, goal formation, mobilization
of domestic resources, the construction of various strategies behavior. The
institutions of socialization, affecting the personality, as if faced with the
impact of the system, which is given by a large social group, in particular
through the traditions, customs, habits, lifestyle . From what will be the
resultant of which have developed systems of these impacts depends on the
concrete result of socialization. Process reaches a certain stage of completion
when the social maturity of the person, finding it an integral social status.
Literature
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Moscow, 1969