Semenyshena Natali , Associate prof., PhD,
Podolsky State Agrarian Technical University
(t. Kamenetz-Podolsky, Ukraine)

Institutional analysis of accounting problems in Ukraine

Accounting is an accounting system that can respond to institutional demands a wide range of institutions, allows the aggregate financial performance by creating a consolidated and consolidated accounting (financial statements).

As the accounting system of micro-level, accounting is needed as a source of information for macroeconomic generalizations, in particular, for preparation of the SNA. Today the reform of the accounting system in Ukraine is in a revolutionary institutional changes. Accounting at the state level recognized as the official accounting system, which leads to the normative nature of its regulation.

Questions of theory, methodology and practice of accounting, investigated through the lens of institutional theory are reflected in the work of national scientists: Kireytsev G., Zhuk V. For the first time, the impact of institutional theory on the development and reform of accounting was covered in a scientific report by Professor G. Kireytsev "Economic globalization and unification of the accounting methodology [4,5]. Further, these problems are investigated in research papers V. Ghuk [2,3].

Without diminishing the importance of scientific developments of the above authors, one must admit there are a number of unresolved theoretical and methodological problems of accounting, in particular, no systematic analysis of the impact of institutional changes on the development of accounting.

In this regard, to date, remain quite relevant task learning and generalization of theoretical principles and develop practical recommendations to improve the institutional issues in the accounting.

The process of transforming the accounting system of Ukraine has begun, it can be said with the approved Program of Accounting Reform December 1, 1998. Ministry of Finance of Ukraine approved the "List of terms and statements and the introduction of regulations (standards) of accounting (P (s) A). Today operates 34 P (s) A. It should be noted that the national R (s) will not conflict with IAS, but have a narrower scope and are more policy (in cases where IAS allow multiple user approaches, P(s)A allowed only one).

In 2001, the Audit Chamber of Ukraine adopted the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as national standards for Ukraine and approved the "Reform of accounting and audit in Ukraine" envisages the development of training programs for IAS and ISA. Ministry of Finance in its action plan to improve financial control in Ukraine, developed by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has proposed to implement 16 activities to bring the accounting system in accordance with international practice. These measures are included into the introduction of IAS, the revision of the certification program, adoption of best practices, the introduction of ISAs and auditing standards to ensure the introduction of the Audit Chamber and the Union of Auditors.

Thus, the IAS and IFRS are the basis of national regulations (standards) of accounting, however, despite having made significant strides in reforming the accounting system, the state of Ukraine's Institute of Accounting and Reporting in the public administration system is assessed as critical.
The problem is in the imperfection of the constituent elements of the domestic institutional environment and the manifestation of such rules legitimized in the accounting system as coercive isomorphism. In this regard, it should be noted that the policy of the state for bookkeeping can both contribute to its development, and hinder development.

In Ukraine, the issue is given low priority - regulation and accounting methodology, until recently, was held under the slogan of convergence of national accounting systems with IAS and IFRS, under the "patronage" of foreign consultants and are still not perceived practice.

Among the reasons are: a hasty implementation as a national of international standards of accounting and financial reporting by government agencies to impose the priority of tax accounting and statistical observations of the system of accounting, the removal of sectoral ministries on the formation and control compliance with the methodology of accounting and reporting, which in fact led to a lack State control of compliance with accounting standards, his conduct formal enterprises only to the financial statements of doubtful validity.

Analysis of regulations that determine the path of reforming the accounting as an information resource, enables us to conclude that the legislation indicates a normative preconditions of accounting information.

Analysis of the conceptual framework of accounting in Ukraine can testify that the accounting - accounting system, goals and objectives which are consistent with international standards, it is defined tools and formalized, is available for study, but be aware that it contains, in case of insufficient in-depth study of the conceptual foundations of international accounting systems, the risks of distortion, incorrect interpretation and undervaluation of information emerging in a particular accounting system.

Unification, standardization, convergence with IAS accounting led to the loss of positions in the accounting industry perspective. Current Ukrainian legislation significantly limited the institutional requests for accounting, in particular, sectoral management.

In this regard, there is a real threat to the full expansion of the accounting principles as a prerequisite of perception and reflection of its objects, use methods, concepts and paradigms that are evolutionarily formed in countries with developed market economies and transferred to the domestic field unformed institutional market environment, regulatory bodies accounting Accounting in Ukraine.

Proceeding from this, in 2009 in Ukraine approved the Concept of the accounting system in the agrarian sector of Ukraine, which aims to address the following issues:

1. You want to display in the accounting of the unique land, biological and intellectual capital.

2. The need to strengthen information management system of sectoral governance associated with the loss of accounting positions in industry information system through legislative neglect the influence of industry accounting for the formation of accounting methodology and reporting in the agricultural industry.

3. Failure and methodological developments for the economic work in the enterprises of the agricultural sector.

In conclusion, we note that the primary basis of changes in accounting institute in Ukraine should be no dogma about the global standardization of financial reporting and increase the role of accounting in the management system as micro-and makroinstitutions, strengthening of positions in the accounting industry perspective, adequate scientific support for regulatory methodology and accounting organization and provision of training of accounting personnel.

References

1. The Law of Ukraine (1999):"On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukarine" from 16.07.1999.

2. The Ghuk, V.M. The concept of accounting development in Ukraine agrarian sector of the economy: monograph [Text] / V.M.Zhuk. – K.: NSC IAE, 2009. – 648 p.

3. Zhuk, V.M (2009):The scientific definition of the institutional theory of accounting (based on the idea of sustainable development): Collection of Scientific Papers of Podolsky State Agrarian Technical University. - VIP. 17, Volume 2, Kamenets-Podіlsky, 2009, p.139 - 146.

4. Kireytsev,G.G. (2007): Economic globalization and standardization of methodology buhgalterskogo accounting: Zhytomyr, 2007, s.68-69.

5. Kіreytsev G.G.(2009): Regulation of accounting in agriculture of Ukraine: Collection of Scientific Papers of the Podolsky State Agrarian Technical University, Vol. 17:2, Kamenetz-Podilsky, 2009, p. 22 - 29.