Syrtsova E. L.
RESOURCES OF E-LEARNING IN
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT'S AUTONOMY
Now in a
context of the theory of continuous education a problem of development of
technologies of e-learning attracted increasing interest of the scientists and
teachers. This form of organization of training will allow solving a set of
problems, where another forms of education are powerless. To receive the first
or second higher education, to increase the qualification, to exchange
experience, to receive an advice of an expert, to participate actively in
professional dialogue not leaving family and work are problems, which concern
the large number of the citizens of any country, especially so large as Russia.
On the data of the analytical research carried out by UNESCO, about 8 million
people would wish to receive education or to increase the qualification in
remote form in
What
advantages does this form of training give? Why is it so attractive for a great
number of people? Development of the system of e-learning gets the special
value in higher school education. In
–
granting a real chance for students
with the limited opportunities of health to receive knowledge, to communicate
with the teacher, to receive personal tuition from a tutor or other teachers of
the higher school;
–
constructing of the individual plan
of studying disciplines in order to students' individual features and abilities, their needs and
interests;
–
an opportunity to receive expert
opinion on an interesting question not only from the tutor fixed for the
speciality (or a concrete educational group), but also from any teacher of the
higher school;
–
the rational distribution of time
spent by the student on studying of educational disciplines in conformity with
the educational plan of preparation on the chosen speciality; the student
independently determines, how much time he will spend on studying of this or
that educational discipline, for example, by principles of "immersing in
an educational subject", "training in fast rate", etc;
–
student's operative reception of the
information about his educational level with the help of using of the special
programs for remote electronic testing of a level of studying the contents of educational
discipline (it is similar to application of Internet - testing in system of
professional education);
–
students' free and fast access to
electronic databases of an educational institution containing the educational
and methodical literature on various educational disciplines;
–
an opportunity for talented students
to study interesting educational discipline more profound;
–
active
participation in various electronic forums and conferences, which are carried
out by higher schools on-line.
Now there is a
change of requirements for a graduate of a higher educational institution. On
change to one values others come, caused by changed social and economic,
technological, information conditions of development of a modern society. For
the present expert it is not enough to have fundamental knowledge. Much
knowledge quickly becomes outdated; the flow of the information so promptly
grows, that the knowledge, acquired at higher school, does not suffice.
Therefore the work with information, the skill to extract knowledge
independently, to increase the qualification becomes a parameter of
professionalism. And the system of e-learning as much as possible focuses
future experts on work in an independent mode,
directly forms the necessary qualities.
Besides
a valuable skill for a professional is to accept proved, argued decisions, to
take responsibility on itself for results of his activity.
In e-learning the share of independence is maximal. A student knows, that he is responsible for the results of his
education, for the quality of knowledge and skills as well as a teacher, and
frequently even in a greater degree. Certainly, he can expect his tutor's help,
but nevertheless he will be obliged to himself for the successes, his own
patience, concentration, responsibility, cognitive activity, rational
distribution of forces and time for studying the contents of a subject.
In e-learning
the important role belongs to an opportunity of an establishment of
constructive dialogue between a teacher and a student. It allows supplying an
individual style of interaction, paying attention to everyone's features,
realizing and
understanding the point of view of a partner. Mutual
understanding, to which a man aspires and which is a necessary condition of his
development, is achieved only in dialogue, and first of all in confidential
dialogue between a teacher and a student.
E-learning
promotes disclosing of potential of each student. It gives a student an
opportunity of personal growth, development, disclosing of individuality.
Autonomy of a person in education is a social and psychological quality
allowing a man to work irrespective of internal and external installations, and
to demonstrate ability to act independently.
The
introduction of the remote form of training in practice of higher school
education in our opinion will supply formation of students' autonomy, because
its development is closely connected with necessity of display of cognitive
activity, independence, initiative, responsibility, freedom of a choice, skills
of self-checking, motivation to mastering in new ways of action.