Gabrielyan H.M., Tronenko N.I., Davida Z.I.

Kryvyj Rih Economic Institute

Colours and Marketing

 

For most of us, a rainbow of colours envelopes our lives. Over 80% of visual information is related to colour.

The colour impact and perception is not a new fashion but more and more companies seem to rediscover this element for their sales and marketing. Before becoming part of the marketing elements, colour impact was already used in therapies and by artists. Depression therapies used «happy colours» to forget the sadness. To keep people quite, the colours white or light bleu were used. Artists, painters and photographers used the «virtues» of colours to change the impression of their work. Goethe even wrote a treaty on colour: "Farbenlehre", it seems to have taken him 15 years.

Examples of significance and impact attributed to colours:

·   Pink: symbol of love, of softness and sweetness and would be a remedy against fear. However, the risk is that too much pink will take you to the bad sides of its effects: inertia and childishness.

·   Bleu: colour preferred in general by Europeans, moreover by men. It is the coldest of colours and would stand for surpassing yourself, loyalty and authority.

·   White: associated with purity, nature and light but also with coldness. In Asia, this colour is also associated to mourning.

·   Violet: a rather difficult colour, between pink and red or blue according to its mixture. Its association is on one hand linked to religion (Christian cardinals’ habits) and on the other side linked to sensual delight. The use of this colour would be advised for trendy products or products that have certain esteem and who can allow to play with limits.

·   Grey: associated with technology and efficiency. Moreover a man-colour or high-tech colour. Can in a certain level be distinguished but in overdose it becomes a symbol of sadness and boring. (Remember: the sky is grey, he’s like a grey mouse)

·   Orange: a warm colour and not as aggressive as red. It represents cheerfulness and joy. It would be a good colour for impulse purchases. The risk however exists that it can also be seen as too cheap.

·   Red: is the colour the eye perceives the quickest. Represents energy and speed but also anger and danger (blood is seen as negative -> as danger)

·   Black: symbolises death in the Occident. Nevertheless very often used in luxury products and combined with a vivid colour it can give an impression of «Haut Couture» and chic.

·   Green: represents nature and hope. Green is however very little used as a colour by industry since it seems also associated with illness and superstition.

·   Yellow: very stimulating colour (Remember the sun) but not advised for very nervous people. It is associated with warmth and plenitude but also with betrayal. Pleases to young ones, when not overdone.

«Colour strategy» has become part of today’s marketing life. Trends for each year are no longer only predicted by the fashion industry. Moreover, the psychological value of colour is in marketing more important than in the fashion industry. Some colour associations and reactions can be very dangerous for your product. Be aware however, not to lose track of the origin of a product. On top, some colours can never work for a certain product whereas they will be perfect for another one. (Ever thought of using a entirely black or green toothpaste?)

Some examples:

·   Have you noticed that most fast food restaurants are decorated with vivid reds and oranges? It's no accident that these colors show up so frequently. Studies have shown that reds and oranges encourage diners to eat quickly and leave - and that's exactly what fast food outlets want you to do.

·   It's also no accident that you see a lot of reds and blacks on adult web sites. These colors are thought to have sexual connotations.

·   Ever notice, that toys, books and children's web sites usually contain large blocks of bright, primary colors? Young children prefer these colors and respond more positively than they do to to pastels or muted blends.

·   High-tech products that are more fashionable, like nowadays MP3 players and telephones are more and more available in fancy colours. The colours are still having their individual impact but being joined with technology it is associated with being trend-setter and innovative. (Purple for example becomes a trendy colour in this sense).

·   Pantone's research discovered that a yellow background with black type is the best colour combo for printed material. Tests showed this combination scored the highest in memory retention and in legibility. It was also the colour that the human eye noticed first.

·   Market researchers have also determined that color affects shopping habits. Impulse shoppers respond best to red-orange, black and royal blue. Shoppers who plan and stick to budgets respond best to pink, teal, light blue and navy. Traditionalists respond to pastels - pink, rose, sky blue.

·   It seems that the standards of live and income also influence colour preferences. Flashy colours would rather attract lower income classes, whereas upper class prefers more sober colours

·   Trendy colours and fashionable colours can also very well apply for people or products aiming to be noticed. We same the same in the clothing industry, flashy colours are worn for those wanting to be noticed. These colours attract the eye.

There is a mass of possibilities as long as you are sure how to use it. You can combine as you like while keeping in mind that exceptions are there to confirm the general rules. So why not try to be the exception and succeed in your positioning? Today we notice so many products, that each brand will need to find its way to be noticed. The mineral water brand «Badoît» launched its new bottles with a red packaging in 2004. In the market for bottled water, this was completely new. Their studies proved that it would precisely attract young people looking for something new and original. Combined with a good message it worked.