Экономическик науки/13. Региональная экономика

Candidate of economic science Uakhitova G., Master student Bucharicyna A.

Karaganda economic university of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Kazakhstan

YOUTH RECREATION IN TOURISM INDUSTRY

OF KAZAKHSTAN

Leisure time is one of the important people activity’s sphere. For it’s organization you have a necessity of a person freedom choosing different forms, places and time. Using this sphere people can realize their liberty. Useful population leisure time organization is the main society aim because due it our people interact with art, technique, sport, nature and other ones.

Nowadays young people free time organization is an attractive topic for our scientists. Despite of it we haven’t got a common concept of «young people leisure time». Moreover this concept in a special literature has various definitions. According to F.S. Makhov, A.T. Kurakina, V.V. Fatyanova «leisure time» is considered as free time. B.E. Vulfov, L.N. Nickolaeva, M.M. Potashkina link it with the time out of your work, L.K. Balyasnaya, T.V. Sorokina and others with time out of young studying.

English word (leisure) has its origins from the Latin language (ligere) which means «to be free». From the Latin language it goes to the French one as (loisir) «to be allowed». English (license) means «to have liberty» (do not follow rules, practices and so on). All these words have one origin, concerning choice and liberty. Ancient Greece (schole) means «serious activity without pressure». English word (scool) from greek one «schole» has a meaning which finally united leisure and education.

«Leisure» word was used in the Russian language in XV century (to have an ability to commit something). You acquire a chance to achieve something using certain labour and time. Consequently we understand such concept as an ability to have something.

Leisure time is a part of out of work time after obligations realization. First elementary values of it were rest and movement which directions were to recover your physical balance. Leisure is important for the society life due to which they acquire stabilization, preventation of social conflicts, strengthening of solidarity, generation interaction.

Having a talk about young people rest time we can point out the following basic characteristics:

- Has physiological, psychological, social aspects;

- Has a base concerning a free choice for hobbies and an activity degree;

- Supports not reglamented but free creative activity;

- Forms and develops your personality;

- Contributes your self expression, self establishment and self development through free actions;

- Forms young people liberty and independence demand;

- Contributes nature talents’ opening, useful habits and skills acquiring;

- Stimulates a creative young people initiative;

- Forms life values;

- Looks like a special «limited zone’ out of adults» intervention;

- Contributes an objective young people appreciation;

- Forms a positive «I conception»;

- Provides jolly spirit and personal pleasure;

- Contributes personal self education;

- Forms socially-sufficient needs and moral norms of behavior;

- Leisure is an activity contrasted with full rest;

- Leisure is determined externally and internally;

- Young people free time has a wide comprehension;

Thus, it is necessary to notice that the essential part of our conception is a creative behavior of people. Such people can choose a kind of work, an activity degree determined internally (demands, motivations, choosing of forms and ways of their behavior) and externally (factors which have an influence towards their behavior).

Leisure is a zone of an active communication. Such form of leisure time as interest’s unions, big holidays is a favourable sphere for self studying, your qualities, advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other people. Young people can be influenced by social institutes which helps us to form their moral look and scope. Due to collective time you have a chance to strengthen your friendship, to increase a consolidation degree, stimulate a labour activity’ form and life position in our society. In the process of this time we restore and acquire new power, so realize a recreation function.

Leisure for young people has own specification concerning entertainment. Such leisure time differs from free time spending of other aged people.

Taking into consideration specific spiritual and physical needs. These peculiarities can be the following: a high level of emotional, physical activeness, dynamic choosing of mood, visual and intellectual receiveness. Young people like new and unknown. Research achieveness is a specific peculiarity. Major part of young people prefer to spend time out of house with their coevals.

There are a lot of entertainment character’s objects in Kazakhstan republic which correspond various forms of leisure organization. They are: theatres, cinemas, museums, sport clubs, family entertainment centres and etc. Such establishments in Karaganda city you can see due to the 1^st table.

Entertainment organizations in Karaganda city

№	Leisure organization form	Number of objects	Name
1	Cinema	4	«Kinoplexx» Cinema «Botagoz» Cinema «Lenin» Cinema «Sary-Arka» Cinema
2	Theatre	4	«Academic theatre of music comedy» «K.S. Stanislavsky drama» «S. Seifullin Kazakh drama» «Buratino dolls theatre»
3	Circus	1	«KTSO» Circus
4	Zoo	1	«Karaganda zoo»
5	Concert squares	2	«Shalkyma concert hall» «K. Bajzhanov concert union»
6	House of culture and Palaces	5	«Children and young people Palace» «House of culture of miners» «House of culture of Kazakh society of blind» «House of culture for deaf people» «House of culture of New Maikuduck»
7	Museums and galleries	6	«Karaganda regional museum of Art» «Karaganda regional Nature-Historical museum» «Ecologic museum» Exhibition hall «ART-gallery» Exhibition hall «Аltyn Gasyr» Shakarim Art gallery
8	Night clubs	14	«Adara» disco club «Bodrum» disco club «Clondike» disco club «Club F» disco club «Sakhar» disco club «Fabrick» disco club «Infiniti» disco club «Intime» disco club «Monarch Elite Club» disco club «Petrolium» disco club «Zima» disco club «Spartack» disco club «Аpelsin» disco club «Lejla » restaurant-club
9	Sport clubs	15	«Bushido» sport club «Fresh» sport club «Maximus» sport club «Sport Line» sport club «Аrman-2030» sport club «Batyr» sport club «Delphin» sport club «Enbek» sport club «Niyaz Batyr» sport club «Sport Bicycle school for chilren» «Тulpar» sport club «Eis» sport club «Gigant» sport club «Cosmonavt» sport club «Shakhter»
10	Stadium	1	«Shakhter»
11	Billiard	27	«7 Luza» Billiard «Alfa» Billiard «Atlantis» Billiard «Club Marco Polo» Billiard «Oskar» Billiard «Paradise» Billiard «Rezidenz» Billiard «Riva» Billiard «Sadre» Billiard «Avangard» Billiard «Аziya» Billiard «Аjsa» Billiard «Аnturazh» Billiard «Аrman» Billiard «Bastau KF» Billiard «Poletaev Billiard» Billiard «Zhar» Billiard «Zaman» Billiard «Zolotnik» Billiard «Imperator» Billiard «Merey» Billiard «Оlimp» Billiard «From sunset till sunrise» Billiard «Saden» Billiard «Sozvezdie» Billiard «Ugolek» Billiard «Sharovnya» Billiard
12	Bowling	3	«Boomer» Bowling «Fantasy World» Bowling «Аrman» Bowling
13	Swimming-pools	5	«Аqualand» swimming-pool «АQUAPARK» swimming-pool «Delphin» swimming-pool N.Abdirov sport palace
14	Ice squares	2	«Akzhltay» sport ice palace «Shakhter»
15	Entertainment centres for all family with attractions	3	«Begopark» entertainment centre «Babylon Jungle Park» Family entertainment centre Central park of culture and sport
Note: site dates: http://www.mirdosuga.kz/karaganda/

Having a talk about Karaganda young people it’s necessary to point out existed forms of leisure organizations:

1. Cinema. Today it’s very interesting to talk about such form of art. It’s modern conception. Its popularity is more than drama and opera ones. For example there are 4 cinemas which have modern video and sound technologies, with different movies, including 3D in Karaganda.

2. Night clubs. Disco visiting is a peculiar card of young people from 16. In this period they want to communicate with coevals and to acquire a new love. If you are more than 16 you’ll have a wish to be in the centre of events, to take pleasure. There are about 15 night clubs in Karaganda. (Age is 18-25 years).

3. Sport. It is one of the basic leisure organization. Majority part of people who likes it is young men. However young ladies prefer dance, fitness, shaping and so on. You have real opportunities to study various forms of sport in Karaganda. You can realize this idea due to different sections, sport clubs, a stadium, swimming-pools. Soon people will be able to visit «Ice Castle», modern tennis cord and box centre. Talking about a developed sport infrastructure you can see a problem of free visits of poor people.

4. City walks. Young people prefer to walk with their friends. Their average age is 15-17 years. You can visit our central park of culture and rest, or other parks which are renovated by Karaganda region’s administration support.

5. Nature tourism. Our region has big opportunities to organize nature leisure spending. For instance: to swim in rivers and lakes, hunting and fishing. However such kind of leisure requires enough financial opportunities.

6. Computer games, Internet. Computer as an entertainment industry has a young history for children. 10 years ago children like to play with play stations. Nowadays perfected computer models with multimedia opportunities are common for our young people. Computer games with excellent graphics attract people of all ages. It’s not important to have a computer at home, because they visit computer saloons and friends with such technique. Internet communication replaces personal meetings.

7. Bowling, billiard, circus, zoo, entertainment centres «Begopark», «Babylon Jungle Park» visits.

8. Museum and theatre attendance is unattracted form of leisure for young people.

If you have a high of profit you can differ your leisure spending. Government policy directs to create and develop new forms of leisure activity.

It is necessary to talk about tourism of young people. Tourism is sport, health, active leisure, an opportunity to know history, geography of Kazakhstan.

So, we can educate essential patriots of your country. If you want to love it you should know your country, to see your country due to many lakes and rivers, White Mountain picks, Kazakhstan Astana, Nature national parks. Thus, if somebody loves his earth, he is the essential patriot.

There are the following forms of young people activity in such tourism: profile camps, excursions, tourism competitions and organizations, extreme kinds of an activity: sport tourism, mountaineering, rocking, rafting, sport orienting and etc.

Young people infrastructure creation must solve the following actual tasks:

1. For a person:

- to strengthen health due to tourism clubs, sections. You will have a chance to take part in different campaigns, competitions, tourism camps, to have an active, healthy way of your life;

- to have a chance to travel. You will realize it due to a net of young people tourism bases, hotels, a preferential system concerning tourists’ walking;

- to have qualitative and safe rest;

- to high an educational and cultural level by means of campaigns and travels;

- to receive special education and work in a tourism sphere, enterprises, produced specificated equipment and production;

2. For state:

- to develop tourism as an important economic industry. Financing a tourism infrastructure in some time our state will receive a big profit. Because if young people early began to travel so they will do it all his life, putting a lot of money, giving an opportunity to develop inner tourism;

- to ensure people using work places. It is necessary to create new labour places for the developed tourism system;

- to high our state status in the world. If we have developed tourism in our country it will attract tourists in the whole world and we will improve Kazakhstan level. (For example: world economic forum «Journeys and tourism-its competiveness 2011» Kazakhstan takes 93 place);

- to strengthen population health, to reduce drugs alcoholism level; If young man chooses tourism it means that he says «no» to drugs, alcohol, a passive way of life and he will have healthy generation.

For instance in EU countries young people journeys are lifestyle of developed social society. There is a conception that young people till 25 years must see the whole world, to travel, to know about other nations. It helps them to choose a right way of life, to form own life principles. Students and young people till 25 have preferential for travelling, reduced transporting costs practically of all forms (but in tourism or economic class), for special hostels, for museum visiting, attractions and thematic parks. Moreover they have a special discount, sometimes they can have a rest without any payment.

There is no such kind of tourism in Kazakhstan. But we have tours which are interesting for young people. Young people tourism is a kind of a social one, subsidirized by out of budget financing in order to create conditions for free travelling of school children, pensioners. Such financing is organized by state and nonstate funds, charitable organizations, realizing their right to rest without any payment.

The 1^st step for social tourism developing is «My mother land-Kazakhstan» project, addressed towards school children and students of 1^st and 2^nd courses of universities. Such programme was established by The Ministry of tourism and Sport, The Ministry of Education and Science in 2007 year. Year later our government took a decision to broaden a range of organizations which have the initiative to develop these travels by means of The Ministry of Health, MCHS, other structures. Main aim is to involve a lot of young people using 3 nominations: ecotourism, cultural tourism and sport one. Annually we have such finals, we determine our winners in schools, in regions and in our republic. Today this project is in every region of Kazakhstan republic.

According to government programme, concerning touring developing in Kazakhstan republic 2007-2011 years there is healthy centre «Zhas Kala» in Mangystau region about 35 km from Caspian coast. If you are 16-20 years you can rest there. It means tat young people, students from different regions, international and social organizations can visit this place.

Unfortunately it’s the 1^st tourism centre in Kazakhstan. Today there is no places with specialized leisure programmes for young people in our republic. If we have such centre we will put a great contribution in patriotic, ecological, moral principles, helping to health our generation. «Zhas Kala» is a new opportunity for a good rest, an interesting meeting and a corporative event. Further this project will be for international tourism developing at first near Caspian region, then in all Kazakhstan.

So, leisure gives an opportunity for modern man to develop many his new sides. Leisure as a structural element of free time, allows overcome not only depression and weary but develop his spiritual and physical qualities. This conception is a zone of active communication. In the process of it we strengthen our friendship, improve consolidation degree, form our life position.

Tourism is one of the direction for problem solving concerning leisure organization, active life processes involving, civil position formatting. Certainly children and young people’ tourism put us not a high level of profit. But it is the most perspective form of population culture developing.

Today we have a great deal of opportunities for leisure organization in Kazakhstan. Everything is accessible for young people: self education, cinema and theatre visiting, sport, communication with friends, nature. So, leisure perfection is an actual problem and has a state meaning and solving of it requires the following problem directions:

- Creation of optimal conditions for personal harmony;

- Stimulation of young people to have active leisure time;

- Shortening of free time of young people;

- Organization of leisure programmes for all population;

- Further developing of young people tourism.

Realization of such directions and taking into consideration of young people leisure allows us to educate healthy nation-Kazakhstan future.

Literature:

1. Drobiiskaya E.I., Sokolov E.V. Leisure and personal developing.-L., 1983

2. Tregubov B.A. Young people free time: base, types, management/ SPb., 1991

3. Streltsov Y.A. Communication in free time sphere.M., 1991 y.

4. Titov B.A. Children, teenager and people socialization in leisure sphere. SPb, 1997 y.

5. State programme of tourism developing in Kazakhstan Republic 2007-2011 years