Экономические науки/6. Маркетинг и
менеджмент
Сысоева Ю.
Ю.
Нижегородский
государственный инженерно-экономический институт, г. Княгинино, Нижегородская
область, Россия
The system of management of higher school in
view of an innovative development of educational system.
Deep
social and economic transformations in Russia, transition to market economy
have put before Russian education the major pedagogical problem of perfection
of a control system of
education. Now educational establishments are compelled to be engaged in
various forms of self-supporting activity for the decision of the problems.
Created
innovative educational institutions frequently put only realization of
educational programs as unique priority problems before themselves. In our
opinion, it is impossible to reach efficient control innovative educational
institutions and quality of educational services without regard to and mutual
integration of educational and economic aspects of activity.
The
approach to education mainly from the point of view of its social function
creates the deformed picture of place of educational structures in economic
system. Not denying importance of social function of education, we consider
education as the factor of modern manufacture. The content of economy of education
as branch of scientific knowledge has been reduced to rational use of the
financial resources allocated to educational institution for some decades. In
conditions of centrally adjustable economy such approach was justified. In
modern conditions the sight at a specific character of education as factor of
manufacture is actual: as resource on the one hand, and the area consuming
resources, on the other hand.
Objective
of the given research is studying the system of management of higher school.
For achievement of objective it is necessary to solve following problems:
-
studying of the historical development of the system of management of higher
schools;
-
the analysis of a system management of higher school in view of an innovative
strategic component.
The
general methodological and theoretical bases of management in education are
considered in works of M. Nikolaeva, J. S. Alferov, S. Postovalov, V.
Postovalov, A. E. Potapov, J. V. Gromyko, A. I. Piskunov, etc. They consider a
circle of the administrative problems, differing by basic novelty and urgency
for practical reforming of educational system. Among them there are new values
and objectives of management, an innovation in high school management,
methodology and technology of development of programs of progress, curricula
and educational programs of high schools of different type, socially-legal
protection subjects of education, activity of support services of education,
certification of the pedagogical staff, etc.
Innovations
are the basic vector of progress of modern economy and make today a basis of
activity not only hi-tech and high technology branches, but, including
education systems which level alongside with innovative system of the country
is a parameter of its competitiveness in the world market. Orientation to
innovations is unique way to respond for high speed of the variations requiring
of the organizations constant generating new «recipes of decisions». For the
institutions of higher education the given problem is the most actual as they are
sources of the staff for the modern economy focused on an innovative way of
progress which should own capacity in area of innovative management, in
particular skills to create new knowledge.
To carry out the destination and to remain competitive in conditions of
decrease in budgetary financing, high schools should possess the high adaptable
potential allowing them to develop in conditions of a changing environment. In
this connection the system of management of innovative higher school which
concerns to the open type of systems, should be shaped in view of progress of
an innovative component at all levels of management [4].
The
higher school as a system can be presented in the form of model of structure of
system (fig. 1) in which subsystems of different levels are reflected. The
diagram presented in picture, reflects multilevel systems "higher
schools", assuming set of interrelations between subsystems of higher
school. Complexity of interrelations marks in O. G. Ilyin's work, considering
high school as system in which basis the organizational structure is put. The
author considers, that it «represents complex matrix structure in which
divisions are connected among themselves by linearly-functional communications»
[6, С.17].
University administration
Academic
council
the 1st level
Post-graduate course University Scientific-research department
the 2nd level
Scientific and research departments Chairs Supplying departments
the 3rd level
Students’ scientific community Members of departments
Teaching
staff Students
the 4th level
Figure
1. The model of structure of system
"higher school"
Nowadays
some approaches to formation of a system of management of higher school exist.
J. S. Vasilyev, V. V. Gluhov, M. P.
Feodorov [3] allocate four levels of management: conceptual decisions,
strategic problems of management, tactical problems of management, operative
management which concern to temporary group of problems. The given levels are
crossed by functional areas of management.
Е.
N. Bogachyov [6] suggests to allocate two complex-target subsystems in the
general system of management of higher school: «Management of progress of
potential» which is directed on «progress and perfection of technical base of higher
school, social development of labour collective, perfection of system of
economic attitudes», and «Management of functioning of higher school» which
area includes processes of «creations and realizations of a commodity output of
all types, an effective utilization of resources, qualities of production».
O.
G. Ilyina [6] considers organizational structure of system of management of
higher school from the point of view of strategic management and includes in it
11 operating subsystems in which basis problems facing them are put. The author
carries to the given subsystems «Planning of training», «Marketing», «Financing
of activity of high school», «Organization of training», «Research work»,
«Improvement of professional skill and retraining», «Organization of work of
teachers», «Attraction of the personnel», «Progress of the personnel»,
«Payment», «Maintenance».
The
considered systems of management of higher school are complementary; however
they do not provide an innovative component as one of elements which in our
opinion should be allocated in one of subsystems of management.
S.
D. Reznik and В. М. Phillipov consider system of management of a higher
educational institution as social and economic system in which «the
interrelation of elements of the environment affecting system of management of
a higher educational institution and final result of activity of that system
achievable under condition of an effective utilization of principles and the
mechanisms which are carrying out system of interrelations and attitudes
between object and the subject of management of given system» are reflected [8, С.45]. Authors carry management department of
education, system of management of higher school, the administrative staff of
higher school to subjects of management that forms an operating subsystem. The
operating subsystem includes some subsystems of management: management of
strategic progress; management of study; management of scientific work;
management of economic activities; management of external communications;
management of social and educational work; management of administrative
activity. Management of innovative activity of scientists allocate as a
separate direction of activity in a subsystem of management with strategic
progress [5].
The
given approach, from our point of view, is the optimal and suitable to
conditions of the modern economy focused on an innovative way of progress.
However authors allocate a subsystem of management of strategic progress flush
with other subsystems whereas directions of activity of the last are caused by
the decisions accepted at a strategic level.
On
the basis of the lead analysis of various approaches we suggest to consider
system of management in view of a specific strategic direction — innovative
activity (fig. 2) [2].
Legislative adjustment Determination of priority
program of development of innovative activity Creation of mechanism of involving
of higher school into federal and regional programs of development
Managerial subsystem
Faculties
управление Finance department управление Marketing
управление Chairs управление Scientific-research department Functional management
Realization of stages of innovative process in chain: generation of
the idea – assessment and selection of the idea – working out of innovation
– introduction of innovation – commercialization
Figure
2. The system of management of innovative
processes of higher school.
The
diagram offered by us reflects interrelation of strategic and tactical
objectives in the field of innovative activity, as well as a specific character
of actions in each level of management.
Subjects
of external management of higher school form administrative system: the
Ministry of Education and the sciences of the Russian Federation, organizations
subordinated to it, regional administrative system. At the given level of
management the state policy and the regulatory and legal acts adjusting
educational, scientific and innovative activity of area of education are
developed.
Also
at a level of external management the mechanism of involving of higher schools
in federal and regional programs of progress of scientific and innovative
activity by means of participation in priority national projects and federal
and regional target programs which are realized by the Ministry of Education
and sciences federal agency on a science and innovations, regional controls of
education is created [8].
Strategic
management of higher school is carried out by body of strategic progress into
which the members of administration responsible for development and realization
of strategy enter. In a context of progress of innovative activity strategic
management assumes the analysis of innovative potential and activity of higher
school, development of innovative policy and transformation of the chosen
directions in strategic objectives [7].
Functional
management is carried out by heads of the divisions involved in innovative
process. At the given level there is a transformation of strategic objectives
in area of innovations in tactical objectives of divisions or the centers of
the responsibility.
The
divisions realizing and / or providing innovative process which problem is
realization of stages of innovative process concern to an operated subsystem:
generation of idea — assessment and selection of idea — working out of an
innovation — introduction of an innovation — commercialization [1].
Thus,
in a modern control system of higher school the innovative component should be
deduced on a strategic level and find reflection in all subsystems that is in
turn provided with a choice of appropriating organizational structure of the higher
school providing fastening of innovative objectives behind appropriating
divisions.
Литература:
1.
Higgins, J.M. Organizational Policy and strategic Management: Text and Cases,
2nd ed. Chicago: The Dryden Press, 1983. – Р. 3.
2.
Pearce, J.A. Strategic Management, 2nd ed. Homewood, ІІІ / R. B. Jr. Robinson J. A. Pearce:
Richard D. Irvin,
1985. – Р. 6.
3. Васильев, Ю. С. Экономика и организация
управления вузом: учебник / Ю. С. Васильев В. В. Глухов М. П. Федоров; под ред.
д.э.н. В. В. Глухова. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – СПб., 2001. – 543с.
4. Гительман, Л. Д. Преобразующий
менеджмент: Лидерам реорганизации и консультантам по управлению. — М.: Дело,
1999.
5. Главатских, О. Б. Стратегия развития
кадрового потенциала вуза: Дисс. … к.э.н. – 2002. – С. 19.
6. Ильина, О. Г. Методология статистического
исследования менеджмента высшего учебного заведения: Дис. …к.э.н.: 08.00.11. –
М, 1997. – 203с.
7. Сазонов, В. Г. К вопросу разработки
конкурентной стратегии высшего учебного заведения / В. Г. Сазонов А. А.
Загородняя: Материалы V международной научно-практической конференции «Проблемы
открытого образования». – Владивосток. Изд-во ДВГТУ, 2005. – С. 95–106.
8. Управление высшим учебным заведением: Учебник
/под ред. С.Д. Резника, В.М. Филиппова. – 2-е изд., перераб. – М.: ИНФРА-М,
2010. – 768с. – (Менеджмент в высшей школе).