Dorofeyeva K. M.

Scientific supervisоr: Halilova – Chuvaeva J. A., docent of chair, candidate of Ph

Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after

M. Tugan-Baranovsky, Ukraine

THE IDEA OF IDEAL STATE IN POLITICAL HISTORY

The theme is actual because the problem of the ideal state has arisen during an antique epoch (at least, declared itself at the time of Platon). In XXI century it has reminded again because of difficulties political situation in management of the state.

The purpose of the work is definition of the maintenance of concept ‘the ideal state’ during development of history and the modern sense of this concept.

The problem of state system was, is and will be one of the most difficult and inconsistent problems of mankind. Many people try to understand during thousand years, what state should be ‘ideal’. Thus some people consider as the best strong, efficient state with good economy, others - the state in which each person feels himself quite free and happy. So the problem of public, state system develops into a problem of understanding of the blessing, human values and personal freedom.

To the most known scientists investigating a problem of the ideal state at the time of antiquity was Platon. In dialogue ‘State’ Platon considered an ideal political system by analogy to space and human soul. The person consists of three beginnings, and in the state should be three estates. To a reasonable basis of soul in the ideal state governors – philosophers were corresponded, to the furious beginning — the soldiers, longing — farmers and handicraftsmen. Class division of society Platon declared a condition of durability of the state as joint settlement of citizens. Autocratic transition from the lowest estate in the higher is inadmissible and is the greatest crime because every person should be engaged in that business to which he is intended by nature. ‘To be engaged in the business and do not interfere in another's is a justice’.

In Middle Ages epoch in working out of the concept of an ideal lawful state the considerable contribution was brought by philosophers-thinkers and educators, such, as: G. Grotsy, B. Spinosa, D. Didro and many other. Then supporting of inalienable laws of citizens and their happiness, guarantee to each citizen not only life preservation, but also satisfaction of its interests becomes overall objectives of state. Governors were warned about encroachments on the property, safety, honour, freedom and other blessings of citizens.

The history of the right and the state of New time represents the beginning of modern history of the government. In the field of the political organisation the feudal-class representation is definitively replaced by representation on the basis of the general and equal suffrage. There were scientists who allocate ideal in real state. By Gegel the state is ‘general and objective freedom’, ‘the validity of concrete freedom’. Each state, let we even according to our principles declare its as bad, let even in it it is possible to learn this or that lack, nevertheless, especially if it belongs to number of the developed states of our time, comprises the essential moments of the existence. But as it is easier to reveal lacks, than to comprehend positive it is easy to run into error and, being engaged in the separate parties, to forget about an internal organism of the state.

Democratic republic is considered the modern form of the ideal sate. The republic is considered the practical realisation of democracy, but essentially varies of types. The problem of democracy is in that not all people want or can decide the destiny and if they want it that direct democracy technical is impossible at the million population. Simultaneously, scientists understand that it is impossible to consider entirely that there is a certain level of development and absolute efficiency of type of the state because much depends on the sizes, history, ethnic structure, belief, sights, etc.

For that the state really operated only for the blessing and in interests of the people it should cope and be supervised by the most worthy people, proved the patriotism by business. As one of variants of achievement of such ideal it is possible to offer restriction on selectivity that is to be selected or appointed to a supervising state post the person, who prove that he is worthy of it by all previous life and concrete acts.

‘The ideal state on the earth is already created, is simple not all people have paid to this attention’ - the American writer Eliot Uajnberger confirms. The state is not only management and board, but also a synonym of a word ‘society’. The concept of the ideal state has passed long enough way of the development, and the previous generations put all efforts to embody the idea about an ideal. Limits of perfection do not exist, and each citizen, carrying out the civic duty, already makes efforts to creation of the ideal state.