Veterinary / 1. Veterinary Medicine

PhD of veterinary sciences, Rudenko P. A.

Lugansk National Agrarian University, Ukraine

The part of microbial factors in the mechanisms of formation and progress of suppurative-inflammatory processes of the soft tissues in cats

It is increasing an important problem in modern veterinary surgery is bacterial contamination of wounds, which apears due to the reduction of therapeutic efficiency of traditional drugs. First of all it is due to the chaotic use of antibiotics by veterinary specialists in various pathological conditions in animals. In the next turn this led to increased resistance to antibiotics of surgical infection pathogens, increased pathogenicity and virulence of microorganisms, the emergence of new mutant forms of bacterias [1-4].

Considering this circumstanses we have decided to establish the part of microbial factors in the mechanisms of formation and progressing of suppurative-inflammatory processes of the soft tissues in cats. Veterinary surgeons believe that operating wound is aseptic, that is sterile. While conducting bacteriological research aseptic surgical wounds by big groups of scientists on Humane Medicine it was found that almost all of them are already 2 hours after the operation in a sterile operating room are contaminated by microflora, which is in the most of cases does not cause the development of suppurative-inflammatory complications.

To study the microbial landscape of surgical wounds in cats, we performed bacteriological study of wound exudate and biopsy of soft tissue sampled in 18-20 hours after 32 operating plan interventions - ovariogisteroektomias. It was isolated from 53 cultures of conditionally pathogenic bacteria of 7 species.

We have found that the wounds after operations are none-sterile. Thus in the most of the surgical wounds in cats we have isolated staphylococci (in 67,9% cases) and Escherichia coli (24,5%). In 43,8% of the cases we have isolated a staphylococcus in monoculture, and in 56,2 % of cases it were identified associations, comprised of 2 to 3 pathogens.

While determining the quantitative microbial landscape of postoperative wounds in cats it was found that the number of microorganisms in 1 gram of tissue is not more than 10⁵ CFU.

Scientists of humane medicine suggest that purulent inflammation of the soft tissues accompanied by the development in the gut dysbiosis [5-8]. So it was interesting, in our opinion, to compare the quantitative content of intestinal microflora, isolated from cats before and after making ovariogisteroektomia.

It was found that in the intestinal tract of animals after surgery operations come significant quantitative derangements of autoflora. So the cats after ovariogisteroektomia significantly reduces the number of representatives of major key microflora (bifidobacterias and lactobacilli) on the background of increase the number of microorganisms genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Candida. The results indicate that while ovariogisteroektomia in the intestinal tract of cats there are significant dysbiotic derangements of microbial ecosystem.

Later we decided to investiate a microbial background of random suppurative -inflammatory processes in cats (with purulent wounds, abscesses, sepsis).From all of our 103 cats with suppurative-inflammatory processes of the soft tissues were isolated 353 cultures of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms 15 species, which belong to 9 generas. In most of cases it was isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes.

In our point of view is that the microbial asssociations are isolated from random suppurative-inflammatory processes in cats were always represented by associations, comprised of 2 to 5 pathogens. In carrying out the detail characteristics of species composition of the isolated associations we have found that in 17 (16,5%) cases, they were presented only by coccal microflora, in 77 (74,8%) cases they are caused by cocci and other bacteria, and in 9 (8, 7%) cases, they consisted of bacteria and fungi. These results also suggest that the most frequent in 55 (53.4%) cases at random suppurative-inflammatory processes in the soft tissues of the cats we have isolated three-component association, 31 (30,1%) cases- four-, 10 (9,7 %) cases, five-component, and in 7 (6,8%) - two. In our opinion it is interesting that 60 (58,2%) cases,the obligate components of isolated associations were staphylococci, of which the most frequent isolates was Staphylococcus aureus (in 48 (44.6%) cases)

The next we decided to establish the quantitative content of microorganisms in 1 g of tissue at various purulent inflammatory processes in cats. These data suggest that, depending on the severity of suppurative inflammation in cats, is significantly different quantification of microorganisms in the damaged soft tissues, which were selected for the study. Thus, cocci in various forms of random suppurative-inflammatory processes did not vary significantly and ranged at the level of 109 CFU per 1 gram of tissue. However, in septic wounds, abscesses, and sepsis significantly increased the number of E. coli, Pseudomonas and Proteus.

Mentioned behind data fully confirm our idea that the poor course of purulent inflammation in the intestinal tract in cats activated translocation of Gram negative microflora in the center of surgical infection on a background of progressive intestinal dysbiosis, which complicates the course of the pathological process.

We found that in the intestinal tract of cats with random suppurative-inflammatory processes are significant derangements of the microbial ecosystem in comparison with clinically healthy animals. It should be noticed that, depending on the severity of suppurative inflammation in the gut dysbiotic derangements are gaining the maximum change in the group of animals with sepsis, they are close to the critical values, which indicates the development of irreversible reactions in the body.

While discussing the results of research it should be noticed that they are entirely confirm our working hypothesis about the leading role of intestinal translocation of microorganisms in the mechanisms of formation and progression of suppurative-inflammatory processes of the soft tissues. These results suggest that the quantitative content of Gram-negative pathogens in foci of purulent inflammation, as well as the state of the intestinal ecosystem, indicate the severity of the suppurative inflammatory process and further the data obtained can be used in predicting the occurrence and development of purulent-inflammatory processes in soft tissues.

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