Історія / 3. історія науки і техніки

Mudruk A. S.

State Scientific Agricultural Library Ukrainian Academy Agrarian Sciences (Kiev, Ukraine)

The Elements of Agricultural Mechanics in the Theory of Evolution the Scientific Thought About Soils

A. Einstein said, that a scientist had to know the general principles that reflected some common features of great number experimental facts that we had researched… If we didn’t discover the principles that could be the basis of deduction, separate research facts should not be useful because an investigator could begin nothing with empirically discovered general natural phenomena.

The most and general form of expression our knowledge from this aspect is utilitarian theory of evolution the scientific conception about soil phenomenon as an appearance that we got using, perceiving by organs of sense and fixing by noospheres’ part.

It’s known, that the theory is the most complicated form of expression scientific knowledge. It could appearance only at the highest level of cognition development of some sum of total phenomena and contained a number of elements that represented the simplest forms of knowledge expression.

Terra-complex is an abstract and idealist object of the theory of evolution scientific conception about the soil phenomenon. It is some system of closely connected concepts about noosphere’s part of soil phenomenon and its usage.

Terra-complex as a structural element consists of some levels:

1. The history of scientific idea about soil formation and its factors.

2. The history of scientific thought about soil usage, its influence and improvement the conditions of growth of cultural plants.

3. The history of scientific thought means and methods of terra-complex functionality at the second level.

The main tendency of modern development of sciences totality (including historical science) is interaction and interpenetration of one method into others, and general attempt to maximum formalization the research material.

Academician L.V. Pogoriluy wrote, that he had discovered magic lines of logics and direct mechanics’ regularity that were useful for techniques elaboration and for the mankind welfare. They were presented anywhere in the whole ‘dark’ and ‘rough’ matter as cultivation… and the movement of material substances.

Let use classic method of soil mechanics for formalization the object of our historical research – cultivation techniques and soils.

The object under review (soils + cultivating machinery) is an mechanical system, that reduced to n solids and put m homonymic and s non-homonymic restrictions on their movement.

If this solid system put into some general co-ordinates q₁, q₂ …, q_γ, … q_δ, it should be get into equation for description the conduct of material points’ system.

,

q – quantity of general co-ordinates that has determined the configuration of the solids’ system.

It should be taken under consideration that before making differential equation of movement of mechanical system had to define the expression of kinetic energy this mechanical system and make the equation of restrictions that are put into system motion. It could be decided what form of Lagranzh’ dynamics equations is useful to making differential equation of movement the mechanical system only by these means.

The peculiarity of these dynamics’ equations is in their projections on that system of co-ordinates, which were defined by elements of kinetic energy of mechanical system and by their similar units on the conditions that their general forces and equalization of restrictions are determined by the same co-ordinates in due course.

Thus, concrete system (soil + cultivating techniques) is a part of notion ‘cultivation’. It is the totality of regulating material points, that are the subject of mankind activity. It transforms the soil to optimal surrounding for growth and development of cultural plants during their usage. The sum of total is characterized by some mechanical, physical-chemical, biological and other peculiarities.

It should be described as the wok of primitive agricultural implements (for example, a stick) and as the plough of XX century or modern complex mechanization of agriculture and cultivation at some agro-biological background using suggested model. This model could describe the work of any implement that had existed at whole historical way of the development of soil science and the implements of future.

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