Kazakh folk songs as a means of educating the individual.
master Zhancul
T.
Kazakh
National Pedagogical University named after Abai
Fundamental
changes in political, economic, scientific-technical, cultural life of modern
Kazakhstan, directly affect on upbringing of the younger generation. Finding a
republic independence, national self-awakening, revival of language, religion
and culture need to reinforce the objective of humanities and aesthetic
upbringing of students in general secondary schools, experiencing a new era in
its development. Namely, the failure of a centuries-old experience of child
upbringing, best practices and traditions of
kazakh people in the school pedagogy has been increasing spiritual
poverty and ill-nature, and prompted widespread emulation among the young in
shallow upbringing value of foreign light music. Therefore, the implementation
of music and aesthetic upbringing in kazakh schools, absorbed in itself the
most effective means - the people's upbringing, which is inculcate in the young
generation of sensible behavior and develops the most expensive human qualities
in them, will become effective way by this problem.
Traditional
art, including the art of singing of the kazakh people - significant part of
our national culture and spiritual wealth. The close connection with the songs
of kazakh life and history of the people, their artistic imagery, the depth of
philosophical thought, variety of genres and variability reates a special
condition for the formation of perceptions and views of students, their
artistic needs, perception of the world of beauty and humanistic-aesthetic
ideal.
Song, ie
vocal works - the most ancient and widespread genre of musical art, which in
the beginning of human society, it was a tool of gathering animals, comforting
the child, war-cry, and relationships with one another in the subsequent
development of complicated and the content and appearance of the songs, turning
to the modern look.
Art of singing of Kazakh people's - a significant part of our
national culture. Unlimited upbringing opportunities and methods of the song
heritage is a valuable treasure which are directly related to the existence,
the existence of the people.
The
development of a national art singing of nineteenth century is closely linked
to the formation and development of art sal-sere, that feature multi-creative
people. Sal-sere were also a poet, singer, composer, was remarkable for its
costumes and behavior, enjoyed great respect in the kazakh steppe. Such diverse
artists as representatives of the famous Akan-sere, Birzhan-sal, Zhayau Musa,
Estay and others, creating a song works, have outstanding vocal data and
masterfully accompanied his dombra, develop a national professional singing
tradition.
The first collectors and
researchers of folk art of kazakhs in pre-revolutionary period were who arrived
in Kazakhstan on official business, representatives of the imperial
administration of Russia, bureaucrats, military officers, scientists, writers,
travelers, merchants, missionaries. Among them, the writings of George I.G.
(1729-1802), I.G. Andreeva, C. Bolshoi, I.D. Dobrovolsky, A.I. Levshin
(1799-1879), M.V. Gotovitsky, R.A. Pfennig (1823-1898), A. Eyhgorna
(1844-1909), S.G. Rybakov (1867-1922) and others have found worthy of attention
feedback on kazakh culture of song and singing art. During this period, have
emphasized the upbringing role of our spiritual heritage in a society
distinguished sons of the kazakh people Valikhanov Ch., Y. Altynsarin and A.
Kunanbayev.
The great
merit of the collection and studying of kazakh folk songs belong to A.
Zataevich. His activities as a collector, researcher and advocate for the
musical heritage of the kazakhs was a special stage in the development of art
song. Published by him his two monumental collection - two volume «1000 songs
of kazakh people» and «500 kazakh songs and kyus» not only are the rich variety
of song-inclusive collection of samples, not only the result of painstaking
work of collecting, studying and processing the vast material, but also a great
contribution to the kazakh folklore.
A. Zataevich
thematically classified kazakh folk songs on the content and artistic features.
We take as the basis of preparation of pedagogical classification of thematic
headings of kazakh songs. This song, legends, fairy songs, everyday (seeing the
bride lullaby song, wail), aytys melody, humor and humorous songs. Famous
figures of literature and art by R. Rolland, M.Gorky, B. Asafiev, K.V. Kvitka
familiarized with kazakh folk song, through the collection of «1000 songs of
Kazakh people» A.V. Zataevich, praised the folk songs of kazakhs. M.Gorky
believed in the future of the kazakh people's art, saying: «A thousand songs
kazakh-kyrgyz people with musical notation, their dear melody rich material for
future Mozart, Beethoven and Chopen», K.V. Kvitka noted: «Music of kazakhs
surprisingly rich and far forward-reaching music ... It confirms that this
music is worthy of devoting her life working the way many researchers », B.V.
Asafiev also recognized the kazakh songs as «remarkable valuable monument of
centuries, even millennia of culture».
Such scholars as S.A. Uzakbaeva, M.H.
Baltabaev, J.Z. Utemisov, T.A. Kyshkashbaev, R.K.Dyusembinova and others
directly investigate a problem of implementation of modern musical and
aesthetic upbringing through folk art, consider ways of formation and
development of musical and aesthetic upbringing, forms, methods and techniques
of upbringing in the classroom and extracurricular activities also addressed
the outstanding issues of this type of upbringing.
The
complexity of the poetic structure of kazakh songs, a variety of forces acting
on the thought and knowledge of the younger generation are related to
distinctive features of this species of art. Accurate knowledge of the essence,
the content of artistic expression of kazakh songs favors effectively utilize
the legacy of singing in musical and aesthetic upbringing of pupils.
One of the
main features of the kazakh folk songs - it is their nation, the people, the
creator of these songs and the fruit of collective action by the people as
other kinds of folklore. For centuries, every singer in the spread from
generation to generation, improved their songs to enrich their artistic merits.
Due to this most valuable of them, the best samples of these songs are
preserved in the memory of people and Speaking of famous scientist and
folklorist V.P.Anikin that «All the folk tales, legends, stories, proverbs and
sayings, riddles, in one word, all the massive work of the people have gone
through this process folklorization», refers to the development and improvement
of the kazakh folk songs.
Folk songs
as by its nature a genuinely popular product was a preacher of the entire
country. No man, no singing and not listening to the song and the listener, and
performer of songs - the people. Another feature of folk songs - its close
relationship to the lives of people and raising children. The next feature of
folk songs - its historical character. Along with the knowledge of customs,
traditions, aesthetic, humanistic feelings of the people from the content of
the songs you can find events, life and the life of the people., therefore, the
kazakh songs have upbringing significance for generations.
There
are many instructive examples and in our contemporary reality. One of the
requirements, which put the children of the class known kazakh singer, composer,
advocate and educator of songs Aset and teacher Danesh Rakyshev - is concern
for the national song heritage. He primarily focused on accurate perception of
the content of people's works, especially the songs without any changes. D.
Rakyshev as a teacher is widely promoted not only kazakh music, but music of
Russian, Tatar, Kyrgyz, Uighur people. In this respect, his pedagogical thought
was to expand the horizons of their pupils in their understanding of leadership
in the arts of other peoples, contributing to the knowledge of special
characteristics of the native people. D. Rakyshev teaching experience was
conducted in close connection with the specific work as a creative relationship
with the youth, to impart them to humanity, compassion, patriotism, respect for
elders, a sense of responsibility, the establishment of a creative team
environment. The singer-teacher drew particular attention to the fact that his
students grow up in these patriots of their homeland, the native people and the
loyal Fatherland.
References:
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ïðîñâåùåíèè è îáðàçîâàíèè. 11-å èçä.Ë., Ìóçûêà, 1973. ñò.3-11.
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Àëìàòû. Æàçóøû, 1975. ñò.7
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