Economical sciences/Regional Economics

Kuchko-Badina Valeriya

Institute of the economics and law of the NASU

Criteria of the effective use and estimation of regional resources

The modern stage of economic and social transformations in Ukraine is accompanied by the permanent increase of resources, engaged in an economic turn. Economic development of regions of country is indissolubly related to the increase of efficiency of the use and reproduction of all types of economic resources, located on the territory. Therefore the special actuality is acquired issues of estimation, monitoring and efficiency of their use.

Any economic activity is based on resources; it is a process of their use. Under economic resources it is accepted to understand sources and factors of process of production and extended reproduction.

Basic factors it is been: earth, facilities of labour, enterprise abilities, scientific and technical progress, forms and methods of organization of production, financial and informative resources, material and raw material sources of providing of process of production and extended reproduction. All economic resources are limited, while necessities are boundless.

The feature of the modern stage of development of economic relations on the use of economic resources in Ukraine consists in that the results of this process interested not only the state but also it separate territories. Regions feel all negative consequences of the inefficient going of realization of processes in this sphere. The task of providing of the rational use of resources for regions becomes one of major, and it successful decision affects on development of economy.

Regional resources are a certain aggregate of economic resources which are presented directly on this territory. As a rule, their amount less than economical resources. Development of territory is directly conditioned by system organization of reproduction of such resources: labour, natural, material (capital), organizational (enterprise), informative, scientific and technical.

Speaking about the effective use of regional resources, it is necessary to be stopped for essence of concept "efficiency". In a general view under efficiency understand ability to bring an effect, effectiveness of process, which is determined as attitude of effect, result toward expenses which provided this result. Economical effect this is achievement of most results at the least expenses of living and materialized labour.

Consequently, the effective use of resources of region is the economic and social category, expressing optimal combination of making it elements, which join in an economic turn, effectiveness of economic activity, programs and administrative influences.

The choice of criterion of the effective use of some types of regional resources is become actually in this connection. As a rule, labour, material and natural resources join in their composition.

Labour resources are the most active element of productive forces, on their functioning in a great deal depends on efficiency of work of every separate enterprise and regional system the whole. Under influence of this resource are formed the important proportions of regional reproduction, and first of all, relation of living and materialized labour in the process of regional dynamics. In thus case, diminishing of expenses of living labour on unit of producing of products is the main criterion of rational management.

Loading rises on regional natural resources. Contradictions increase between the requirements of material production in these resources and their effective use. Optimal is such variant, which, from one side, provides achievement of economic and social tasks of development of region, and on the other hand - provides the effective use of these resources.

Presently for the increase of efficiency of the use of each of types of natural resources the charts of rational water consumption, organization of the use of land are developed et criteria. Maintenance of high-quality descriptions of environment comes forward the basic criterion of the effective use of natural resources.

For description of efficiency of the use of material resources the whole system of summarizing and private indexes is used. For example, there are well known such summarizing indexes as: resource-demanding, coefficient of correlation of rates of height of production and material expenses volume, specific gravity of material expenses in an unit cost, coefficient of the use of materials.

Materialization of living labour is the main feature of capital resources. The higher term of exploitation of material recourses, the more valuable living labour, materialized in them. Thus, longevity of material resources is the basic criterion of their effective use.

Substantial changes in the size of the use of resources are brought in the increase of level of regional development. Regions which have high level of economic and social development, run into the deficit of resources. At the same time the increase of level of regional development results in the quantitative increase of economic necessities of all managing subjects, and also the personal necessities of population. Contradiction increases between limitation of resources and boundlessness of expansion of requirement in them.

This contradiction can be decided by a transition from extensive to the intensive methods of the use of regional resources.

Consequently, the task of providing of the rational use of resources for regions becomes one of major, and it successful decision is reflected at the level of development of economy. Disposing of regional resources must take place so that not only to satisfy the necessities of now above-ground generations but also save economic potential of life and activity of future generations of region. An important problem is determination of criteria of the effective use of regional resources.

Diminishing of expenses of living labour on unit of producing of products, maintenance of high-quality descriptions of environment, extension of tenures of employment of material resources are the main criteria of rational management.