Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå íàóêè/ 8 ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû â ýêîíîìèêå
Doctor PhD Kurmangalieva N.K.
KAZAKH
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACADEMY
Semey, Republic
of Kazakhstan
Application of an
information technology in increase of economic efficiency of an agricultural production
Development
of Agriculture is one of the major priorities of economic policy of Kazakhstan.
On the one hand, there are favorable economic preconditions in the form of huge
territory with extensive, not involved capacities, (the requirements of all
Soviet Union focused in due time on satisfaction), a backlog demand in home
market of the country and also a considerable export potential of the growing
markets of China and Russia. On the other hand, the social factor is important
– more than half of population of Kazakhstan lives in a countryside. Necessity
of support of domestic initiatives on perfection of manufacture and processing
of agricultural production becomes especially actual on the threshold of the
introduction of the country into the World Trade Organization [1].
Growth
of economic efficiency of an agricultural production is one of the main tasks
in development of Kazakhstan at the present stage. Industrialization of agricultural
production, creation of the large agro industrial enterprises and associations
assumes increase in made production. Its realization, timely processing and
storage are impossible without well debugged mechanism of sale.
If to
consider a question on adjustment of communications with commodity markets, it
is possible to be convinced without effort that normal functioning of
agriculture is interfered by backwardness of the agrarian markets, absence of
effective systems of their regulation, presence of inter-regional trading
barriers, artificial restraint of the prices by administrations of regions. Now
the agricultural production requires technical and social and economic
development which will allow to provide considerable economic growth of
agrarian sector of a national economy. One of aspects of the given problem is
development the Internet of technologies on advancement on the market of
agricultural production of local commodity producers, and also a choice of the
suppliers of technics most comprehensible to them, mineral fertilizers, spare
parts and other material-technical resources. Thus, absence of the modern
information systems which are based on the advanced computer technologies,
constrains the decision of the given problem. On a modern level of development
of an information technology there is a set of possibilities of reception of
the actual information for agricultural commodity producers: use of help and
consulting computer systems and the Internet.
In
many agricultural establishments there are modern personal computers, however
their possibilities are used far not completely, others use the out-of-date
computer technics or have no it at all. All it limits reception of the market
information necessary for effective development of manufacture. So, without the
complex approach to problems of sale of production it is impossible to organize
correctly work of agricultural organizations that will negatively affect work
of all enterprise. After all the incorrect organization of sale can lower
profitableness of the enterprise that will cause the negative phenomena, up to
bankruptcy. Today it is necessary to create such conditions that the peasant
could choose that form of housekeeping which to the greatest degree would
correspond to its psychology and possibilities, a production efficiency. Such
form urged to become the agricultural cooperation born by the life in interests
of agricultural manufacturers [2].
Therefore
there is a necessity of development of agricultural cooperation in the form of
effective market structure, with the mechanism of mutually advantageous economic
relations in interests of all participants of cooperation and first of all
agricultural commodity producers. More than century world experience of
co-operative cooperation has revealed its unique value in an effective
combination private, a personal interest with diverse kinds of joint activity
and on this basis – the rational organization of is large-commodity agro
industrial manufacture in the conditions of market economy. The co-operative
system of managing most steadily works in the conditions of the market. As
academician B.Poshkus shows, for example, in Germany for 4 years (1991-1994)
Bankruptcy have suffered 20 thousand various commercial structures, but among
them there was no co-operative society. Cooperation became the prevailing form
of association of agricultural commodity producers in many countries of the
world where almost all system of agro service, processing and realizations of
agricultural production is in the property of agricultural commodity producers
and copes them through cooperation.
Farmer
co-operative societies of Sweden, for example, supervise 54 % of the
food-processing industry of the country, in accuracy of 100 % – dairy, 80 % –
meat. Cooperation has received a wide circulation in Germany, France, Great
Britain, the USA, Denmark. Here agricultural co-operatives play a dominant role
in supply of farmers by technics, mixed fodders, seeds. Through co-operative
societies about 98 % of all commodity milk, 80 % of grain, 75 % of eggs are realized.
With acceptance in December, 1990 of the Law «About agricultural cooperation» is
created the legal base for development of co-operative movement in our country.
Regional administration of East Kazakhstan Oblast has developed the program of
support of agrarian sector. The program, in particular, is directed on support
of farms. It provides corresponding grants and serious state privileges and ïðåôåðåíöèè to those
innovative projects which should take root in agrarian sector as it is an
effective basis in development of agrarian sector. [3]
Electronic
mass media are widely used in agriculture of economically developed countries
of the world. Now almost every third foreign farm which is yielding revenue,
uses the Internet for acceptance of industrial decisions. Abroad in some years
use of Internet in each economy country becomes a commonplace on a level with
phone and a fax. However in Kazakhstan, in particular in East Kazakhstan Oblast,
presence of the computer with access to the Internet to a country economy – the
big rarity. The global information network is used only for reception of data
on forthcoming weather conditions, in particular, by means of a resource
www.gismeteo.kz.
Expansion
of scales of use of the Internet network in work of the agricultural enterprises is caused: -
prompt development and fast distribution of information-communication technologies;
- constant reduction of prices on their acquisition and use that raises their
availability; - growing rates of moving of various kinds of social and economic
activity (trading, bank, etc.) in the electronic environment. Country economy
requires the automated system decision-making for choice variants of sale of
production. After all offers on purchase of meat production constantly arrive
from different cities of Kazakhstan, and inquiries differ on weight of
indicators: standard item, distance to destination, a way of transportation and
other. The head of a country economy gives to questions of sale the most part
of working hours, and the considerable share of this time is necessary on
calculations of economic efficiency of the forthcoming transaction.
The
literature
1.
The message of President of Republic of Kazakhstan of
N.A.Nazarbaeva to the people of Kazakhstan «New Kazakhstan in the New World»
from February, 28th, 2007
2.
Zlobin E. Success of farmer movement – in cooperation.
3.
The Internet sites:
http://www.akimvko.gov.kz