Economic

O.V. Chaplyak

Master of the department of organization and management

Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Russia

Organizational economic justification of production efficiency of grain (an example of agricultural subcomplex “Rodina” Tambov region)

Summury

The article deals with the organizational economic efficiency rationale for grain production. On the basis of a set of measures the improving of the efficiency of grain production by increasing the organization of production processes is introduced.

Keywords: efficiency of grain production, intensive technology, growth in yields, fertilizer, crop rotation, harvesting at the optimum time, predecessors, institutional, agricultural activities.

The solution of the food problem in the Russian Federation in the first place depends on the development and efficiency of grain production. In addition, the level of its development largely determines the economic stability in the country, its food security.

Therefore, from the stable development of grain production depends not only on the normal functioning of the grain market, but the whole food market in the country.

To ensure the stable growth of grain production of high quality and the required amount of product range and improve its economic efficiency is necessary to develop a set of measures ensuring the normal functioning of grain production in conditions of market relations. [1]

The main route to greater efficiency in grain production is the reduction of the cost increase total revenue. The increase in total revenue can mainly due to increase yields. The low price of grain is associated with the quality of products sold. To improve the quality of farming is necessary to raise the level of agricultural technology, to conduct timely sowing and harvesting grain in a timely manner and in amounts standard to use pesticides, fertilizers, and improve the marketing of products.

To reduce the cost to use more high-yielding varieties and the seeds of good quality; implement intensive technologies, leading to savings of labor and capital inputs per unit of output. [2]

Growth of crop yields can be achieved as a result of the following measures: reduction of losses during harvesting, implementation of plans fertilize fields; timely farming practices, better organization of work. These reserves have significantly lower costs and deliver results in a much shorter time.

One of the most effective measures to ensure the reception of high and stable yields, a soil application of fertilizers. Best results are obtained fertilizer if they are defined in a particular system. An important requirement for a system of fertilizers - the right mix of organic and mineral fertilizers, the establishment of the rules, terms and ways of making a certain culture. Essential to increase fertilizer efficiency, taking into account their fertility and agronomic properties of soils.

Table 1 - Calculation of fertilizer needs and their value in agricultural subcomplex “Rodina” in 2010

Сulture	Area, ha	Application rates, fi. d. in				The cost of fertilizers, thousand rubles				Cost of all, thousands of rubles.
		Оrganic	N	P	K	Оrganic	N	P	K
Winter wheat	1750	550	1050	1000	950	66	1155	4300	1425	6946
Barley	1310	-	605	840	700	-	1270,5	3612	1050	5932,5
Oat	490	-	150	290	150	-	315	1247	225	1787
Corn for grain	240	-	90	120	103	-	189	516	155	860

The following table summarizes the dose of mineral and organic fertilizers for crops cultivated on an area of 3790 hectares, according to agronomic standards and recommendations. Also evaluated the costs of necessary on the farm fertilizer in average prices. However, it should be noted that the feeding of ammonium nitrate is conducted regularly and in full, and data quality assessment of soils indicate that potassium is contained in sufficient quantities in the soils of our area and the plants require little fertilizer comes kalesoderzhaschih outside. In order to crops entirely used their biological potential, agricultural subcomplex “Rodina” to enrich the soil phosphorous elements. And they need to purchase 15 525 thousand rubles.

Table 2 - Effect of different types of fertilizer on grain yield in agricultural subcomplex “Rodina” in 2010

Indicators	Yield
	kg / ha	%
Not fertilized	20,4	100
N (urea)	22,9	112,25
N (ammonium sulfate)	24,7	121,08
К Magnesium (kalimagneziya)	25,6	125,49
NPK Magnesium 20 (urea, super phosphate, kalimagneziya)	28,4	139,22

As a result of complex fertilizers is possible to obtain yields of 28.4 t / ha.

Increase crop yields, and sledatelno, gross output in the enterprise can be achieved by reducing grain losses during harvesting. After a harvest at the optimum time will sohratit 10-15% yield.

The method of harvest on the farm should be determined depending on crop conditions and weather conditions prevailing. In agricultural subcomplex “Rodina” should be expanded application of the separate method of harvesting grain. This method prevents the loss of a breakdown and is grain, less demanding for additional treatment. This will reduce the volume of work involved in cleaning and drying of grain.

As a result, grain yield at the optimum time may increase the gross grain harvest in 5205.1 fi. Harvesting time are violated only in spring cereals due to an overlap harvest. Loss of summer grain harvest due to violation of terms of cleaning up from 1.5 to 2 kg / ha.

Application and implementation of science-based crop rotations - the most important condition to obtain the productivity of each hectare of land. In the haphazard use of arable land significantly reduces the effectiveness of individual farming practices.

Placement of grain crops will provide the best predecessors increase the yield of the passage of a rotation of at least 0.47 kg / ha.

We generalize all known reserves and determine the level of yield and total yield at the farm with their use.

Table 3 - Provisions of growth in cereal yields agricultural subcomplex “Rodina”

Types of reserves	Additional production from 1 ha, u
	Winter wheat	Barley	Oat	Corn for grain
The average yield for 3 years, kg / ha	40,1	32,7	29,2	49,4
Increased productivity due to:
- Fertilizer	3,1	2,8	2,1	1,4
- Harvesting in optimal time	0,5	0,5	0,3	0,2
- The passage of crop rotation	0,49	0,47	0,43	0,39
Increase	4,09	3,77	2,83	1,99
Forecast	44,2	36,5	32,0	51,4

The table shows that the using of the proposed reserves agricultural subcomplex “Rodina” may obtain an additional 2 to 4.1 kg / ha.

Thus, the growth yield is not due to some techniques and methods, and the combined effect of the complex economic, organizational and technical measures for scientific organization of production and rational use of land, labor, and capital goods.

Literature

1. Rudnev, E.A. Trends in production and use of grain in Russia, 2011: [Electronic resource] http://www.vuzlib.net/beta3/html/1/17197/17278/

2. Sushkov, V. Ways to improve the efficiency of crop / Sushkov / / AIC: economics, management. - 2008. - № 5. - p. 19-23.