Педагогические науки/ 2.Проблемы
подготовки специалистов.
FORMATION OF OUTLOOK OF THE PERSON
Bulshekbayeva A.I.
The PhD
student of Abay Kazakh national pedagogical university, Kazakhstan
The
OUTLOOK - is a frame of reference, principles, values, ideals, and the belief
defined as the relation to the validity, the general understanding of the
world, and a position of the program of activity of people. The subject, the
outlook carrier is both the separate person, and social/professional groups,
ethnonational/religious a generality, both classes, and a society as a whole.
Outlook-it
a frame of reference on the objective world and a place of the person in it, on
the relation of the person to the validity surrounding it and to, and also the
basic vital positions of people caused by these sights, their belief, ideals,
knowledge and activity principles, valuable orientations.
The
outlook is a complete representation about the nature, a society, the person,
finding expression in system of values and ideals of the person, social group,
a society. In a society long since there was also a conscious aspiration to
develop complete and well-founded outlook in which frameworks all history of
mankind, its informative and converting activity, its culture and moral reference
points would be intelligent. This problem, of course, not on forces to one,
even to the ingenious person. She dares many people, often different
generations, in the tideway of certain tradition, this or that philosophy. The
conscious aspiration to develop such outlook is shown by various social groups
of people, political parties which see in it a basis not only a spiritual
unification, but also programs of concrete actions on society transformation.
The
individual as the subject of outlook always in own experience correlates itself
with “representation about the person in general” and to “image of the world”
which is formed at it as a result of mastering of cultural experience and
acquisition of individual experience of life in the world. The world thus acts
as the life focused on the statement of subjectivity, as "the world for
the person". [2]
The person as the subject of outlook possesses world outlook consciousness.
Important feature of world outlook consciousness is it: on a surface of public
life it is shown as already something stiffened, not dependent on the separate
individuals joining in system of occurring outlook as a phenomenon. As such
objectively-ideal phenomenon the outlook functions as substantial system of
consciousness in which all questions, concerning external and internal life of
the subject have already received answers where all problems are definitely
already solved.
The
actual outlook doesn't set new questions, and assumes answers to all possible
questions. It is faster system of already checked up belief having some
precondition, instead of actively developed system of search of new
maintenances.
Proceeding from all above told the outlook can be defined as a
spiritually-practical way of public consciousness and self-determination of the
person in the world, always realized in concrete. [1]
At
the heart of outlook the outlook, that is set of certain knowledge of the world
lies. This knowledge and representations concern not only the present, but also
to the past, and to the expected future. They fasten an inner world of people
in a single whole. On the basis of such knowledge and representations arose,
traditions in all spheres of human activity were formed and developed.
Outlook - conceptual aspect of outlook, system of the generalized knowledge of
the nature, a society, a place of the person in the world. The outlook includes
ability to use this knowledge for knowledge and world transformation,
conviction in their validity as activity tool, the basic ideals, principles and
readiness for realization and protection of belief and ideals. [5]
As
a part of outlook allocate some levels ideas. Those carry to the highest from
them which make the maintenance of philosophical system of life.
The
following level - the knowledge making bases naturally - a scientific picture
of the world and a social picture of a society and its development.
Into outlook enters as well attitude which is expressed in certain ideals,
models and the images of a reality formed in practical life, art, the literature,
a science, religion. The understanding of that is good or bad in a society and
as it should be arranged quite often is set by examples from real life or from
the world created by art and the literature.
The
outlook is always connected with belief. At each person its world outlook
sights develop as a result of long, difficult, often painful intellectual work.
Such sights become the base of its spiritual culture, its essence
"I", define vital positions. [5]
The
outlook is always sated by sensual relations. It can be sensation of harmony
with the world or dissonance with it, satisfaction or a dissatisfaction with a
reality. Мировоззренчески validity prominent aspects can be considered by the person with feeling
of pleasure, shame, alarm. The perception of the expected future can be
optimistical, pessimistic or even tragic.
The outlook is always closely connected with stages of its development endured
by a society, set of those problems with which directly there lives a society,
various social groups and the separate person.
In
sphere, that is there where the standard social norms are exposed to personal
interpretation through their direct correlation with individual life experience
of the person and contains, that is constantly is reproduced in consciousness
and the world outlook ideal of culture is modified in compliance with changing
conditions.
This
concept serves for disclosing of necessary communication between outlook as in
spiritually practical way of the statement of the person in the world and its
practical statement in own ability to live (according to historically developed
world outlook ideal of culture). It reflects a parity of a certain level of
development of outlook of the person and its way of life.
World outlook culture - this embodied in a way of life of the person.
It
is not enough reception of one world outlook knowledge. One business that the
person knows about the world and about the person in it, another - than it is
guided in real vital acts that is determinants of its behavior, what knowledge
has turned to belief, defines an image of his life. Here there is one more
important problem connected with finding-out of coordination of conscious and
subconscious levels of motivational sphere of behavior of the person.
Distinctive
feature of the person possessing world outlook culture, that it does the fact
of presence of the specified phenomenon by object of judgement for the purpose
of strong-willed elimination of undesirable action of out-of-date world outlook
archetypes, control over them is.
As
substantial filling of valuable hierarchy occurs through mastering of cultural
norms of a society it is necessary to consider as the first stage of cultural
formation of the individual its socialization as mastering of cultural
potential of a society. In the socialized individual possessing certain outlook
finds an embodiment is standard-authorizing function of a cultural society. As
the social validity always contradicts surrounding it from positions due to an
ideal before the person with the values generated still in a youth and ideals
with inevitability there is a problem of revaluation of values. It is connected
with the beginning of the life of the person. If before its activity went
mainly from the outside - parents, tutors, teachers, group of the nearest
influence now the person rises before necessity of independent decision-making,
an active choice of a vital position, style of behavior and a way of life. [6]
The
person starting out independent life, conforming a world outlook ideal of a due
way of life, in which all validity is presented (from the point of view of this
class and that social and cultural group in which the person was formed), faces
a problem of correlation of this ideal with competing valuable orientations and
a choice of the way of life most comprehensible to. Put and solve similar
problems those individuals at whom in the course of socialization installation
on active consciousness, on a world outlook reflection has been generated can
only. Formation of such ability to active self-determination is connected with
the passer in relation to socialization to the individualization process as
which result personal individuality acts.
In
modern conditions it is possible to tell about world outlook culture only
persons with the generated individuality. Individuality assumes the original
and creative approach to own life, a critical sight at the standard judgements
about the world and a place of the person in it. The person with undeveloped
individuality is under the pressure of external, alien and consequently not
clear to it of forces which completely define its consciousness and determine
its behavior. Thus, the outlook and the individual with undeveloped
individuality is limited to the maintenance of cultural specifications and очевидностей personal experience. [1] outlook of the separate person, the social
group, a certain society or an epoch though appear interconnected, essentially
differ from each other both on features of process of their formation, and
under the maintenance.
Outlook
development means mastering by the person of such senses and values,
installations and which can actually be not involved in its consciousness,
being, nevertheless, an essential part endured by it self-determination.
Outlook formation is a mastering of such world outlook answers, questions to
which individual could set meaningly never to itself. [1]
The
outlook can be formed spontaneously, on the basis of ordinary experience, or as
a result of interaction of various world outlook installations, or осознанно, by means of theoretical working out of fundamental ideas, ideals,
principles.
The used literatures:
1. Азархин А.В Мировоззрение и эстетическое развитие личности. Киев, Наукова
Думка,1990.
2. Ильченко В.Р.
Формирование естественно - научного миропонимания школьников. Москва,
Просвещение, 1993.
3. Педагогическая
энциклопедия, т. 1. Москва, Просвещение, 1993.
4. Шубинский В.С. Философское
образование в средней школе, Москва, Педагогика, 1991.
5. Шуртаков К.П. Мировоззрение
и его формирование. Издательство казанского университета, 1989.
6. Щуркова Н. Е. Вы стали
классным руководителем. М. Издательство педагогика, 1986.