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                                                                             Foreign philology, translation affair

                                                               

The 2nd year student of Foreign philology, Khozhanova A.T.

 Candidate of sciences (philology), Karbozova G.K.

 

Kazakhstan Engineering and Pedagogical University of Nations Friendship, Kazakhstan, Shymkent

 

SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND BASIC WAYS OF THEIR TRANSLATION INTO KAZAKH LANGUAGE

 

Summary

This article about somatic phraseological units. And these notions are connected directly with a person, because he knows, understands the world, the environment, different phenomena by himself, by comparing them with himself. The majority of phraseological units are tightly connected with the human and different fields of his activity that caused the emergence of such a thematic group of phraseological units as somatic phraseological units. 

Keywords: phraseology, somatic element, idiom, English, Kazakh, equivalent

 

Introduction

         Somatic – use of parts of the body. Before we start regarding somatic phraseological units, we consider what somatisms are. The term ’’somatism’’ is derived from Greek ’’soma’’ meaning ’’body’’. By somatisms are understood "not only lexemes, naming parts of body, but also words related to the organism of the human and animals (a bone, a skin, blood, a muscle, a nerve etc.), because they denote vital elements of the material substance, without which a living organism cannot exist’’.

When translating phraseological units, ideoms a translator should use basic two rules:

1) Word for word translation, if it is well known by a reader the English situation, contained in phraseological unit. As an example we can use English idiom "to carry coals to Newcastle", this is because almost everybody knows that Newcastle is the center of English coal industry. As an opposite we can take idioms like "to grin like a Cheshire" and "To dine with Duke Humphrey".

2) To use phraseology with national color in Kazakh language to transmit possible impression from original variant. For instance, "on fire to fight like Kilkenny cats".

Translating English somatic phraseology

Ways of translating PU:

description;
grammatical transformation;

exchange of phrases;

exchange of parts of sentence;

formation of contextual exchange;

additioning;
exchange;
sending;
generalization;
concrete definition;

calque;
figurative.

For the last ten years, somatic phraseology has become the subject of constant research based on the material of different languages: Russian, Adygei and English languages (Z. Bogus), Russian and Polish languages (M. Gordi), Russian and German languages (R. Mugu), the Kazakh language (E. Nikolina), the Russian language (D. Sknarev), Russian and Spanish languages (V. Yakovleva) etc. But despite the fact that in modern linguistics the problem of somatic phraseological units is widely investigated, English somatic phraseological units are still an insufficiently investigated linguistic phenomenon. [1, p. 7]

According data showed that there are a lot of somatisms, which are used in the structure of somatic phraseological units: arm, back, backbone, belly, blood, bone, brain, cheek, chest, chin, ear, elbow, eye, eyebrow, eyelid, face, finger, foot (feet), hair, hand, head, heart, heel, hip, joint, knees, leg, lip, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, nerve, nose, palm, rib, shoulder, skeleton, skin, skull, spleen, stomach, throat, tongue, tooth (teeth), and these somatisms, which are not used in the structure of somatic phraseological units: ankle, appendix, axilla, buttock, forehead, gums, kidney, larynx, liver, lungs, spine, uvula, vein, vessel and wrist.

Speaking about the productivity of somatisms used by formation of somatic phraseological units, we should mention that somatic phraseological units, which possess hand, eye, head, heart, foot (feet) as constituent words are the most productive. Somatic phraseological units, containing face, ear, back, blood, nose, finger, bone, heel, hair, leg, lip, skin, tongue, tooth (teeth), arm, neck etc. are non-productive constituents of somatic phraseological units (SPUs). [2, p. 83]

Estonian scholar F. Vack was the first who introduced the term ’’somatic’’to linguistics. The term ’’phraseological somatism’’was firstly used by E.M. Mordkovich, who applied it to the Russian language in his article ’’Semantic - thematical groups of somatic phraseologisms’’. [4, p. 241]

The same opinion was supported by English scholar Logan Smith, who pointed out the enormous number of phraseological units consisting of body parts in English language and, thus, enrich and make English language more figurative. [5, p. 150]

In order to express emotions, passion and strong feelings English speaking writers use somatic phraseological units with somatism "heart", while Kazakh writers express emotions with the words "soul" (æàí), "mood" (êөң³ë). For example: light - hearted - àқ êөң³ë, to take to heart - æàíûíà áàòó, etc.

In Kazakh and English languages there are several similarities in denoting some phenomena. For example, to widen one's eyes - êөç³ øàðàñü³íàí øûқòû, smb's hair stands up on end - òөáå øàøû ò³ê òóðäû, an apple of an eye - êөçä³ң қàðàøûãû, to put smb's heads together - áàñ қîñó, etc.

Kazakh language is richer for somatic phraseological units than English. To one English idiom we found several different Kazakh equivalents: To hold one's tongue/ to open one's lips - æұìғàí àóçûí aøïay, ò³ë қàòïàó, àóçûí áàғó, àóçûíà құì құéûëó; To keep an eye on smb - êөç қàäàó, îқòû êîç³ììåí қàðàó, àëà êөç³ìåí қàðàó, êөç³í àëàéòó;

Conclusion

The human factor plays an important role in the origin of somatic phraseological units, which as a linguistic phenomenon occupy a special place in the English language. Somatisms are widely used in the structure of phraseological units. This is due to the fact that names of body parts present the most archaic and, at the same time, the most constant lexical layer, which is tightly connected with both functional and sensual aspects of the human being and with individual specifics of different language groups.

 

References

1. Scnarev D.S. Phraseologizmy russkogo yazyka s componentami – somatizmami: Problemy semantiki I pragmatiki: avtoref. dis. na soiskanie uch. stepeni cand. philol. nauk: spes.10.02.01 Russkii yazyk"/ Dmitrii Sergeevich Scnarev. - Chelyabinsk, 2006. 23p.

2. Danilov B.S., Kuniskaya N.B. Obrazovanie somaticheskikh phraseologizmov na osnove semanticheskikh sdvigov sostavlyayushikh componentov/B.S. Danilov, N.V. Kuniskaya//Sovremennye problemy romanistiki: phuncsionalnaya semantica. Kalinin, 1986. - Ò. 1. 83 - 85 p.

3. Pak N.S. Obrazovanie somaticheskikh glagolov v russkom I àíãëèéñêîì yazykakh//Vestnik KazNU. Seriya philologicheskaya. 2001. ¹45. 241p.

4. Logan P. Smit. Phraseologiya angliiskogo yazyka. - Ì.: Ó÷ÏåäÃÈÇ, 1959. 206p.