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Linenko O.A.
The North Caucasian
state technical university, Russia
Problems of ecological preparation
of the future engineer-prirodopolzovatel in the conditions of modern higher
technical school
Development of
modern manufacture more and more faces the limited possibilities of the nature
to self-restoration, involves local, and then and global environmental
problems. Thereupon vital there is a transition from industrial-sentric
paradigms to ecosentric[1] in which orientation to restriction of development
of the industry by rigid frameworks of preservation of ecological equilibrium
between a society and the nature dominates. In consciousness of modern
inhabitants of Russia on the first place economic problems were put forward
that inevitably leads to the further deterioration of an ecological situation.
For crisis overcoming intensive formation ecosentric paradigms in consciousness
of people is necessary, for high readiness for performance of rigid ecological
standards in industrial and other activity.
With a view of
finding-out of activity of modern technical college in this direction we have
addressed to special research. Its problem was noegenesis about scientific, is
standard-estimated and practical aspects of ecological consciousness of the
modern engineer. In research the complex of scientific and pedagogical methods
was used. So, the scientific component of ecological consciousness was studied
by means of a method of the analysis of the conceptual dictionary of students.
As the basic criteria form a scientific component of ecological consciousness
completeness and sensibleness of knowledge have been allocated. The is
standard-estimated component of ecological consciousness was studied by means
of a technique «Valuable orientations», the offered V.A.Jadovym [2]. Important
for carrying out of a carried out investigation phase the point made by
V.A.Jadovym that valuable orientations play a main role in regulation of
behavior and activity of the person was considered. For us in the given thesis
important that sights as the unity of knowledge and relations to them are used
by the student for expression of an estimation and the position in relation to
the environmental problems, falling under "action".
Studying of a
practical component of ecological consciousness of students was carried out in
a context of logic of engineering thinking. A leading method of studying of
ecological knowledge of students was testing which in practice was carried out
so. To students on last employment of a studied theme control tests for
independent work stood out. During check of results of testing the quantity
correctly or incorrectly executed tasks was counted up. For an estimation of
productivity of training the factor defined under the formula was entered: Êð = àÀ, where and – correctness of the executed tasks; And – total number of
tasks. The productivity factor was an individual indicator: for example, value
of factor from 0 to 0,3 meant an unsatisfactory estimation; for result from 0,3
to 0,5 it was put down "well"; from 0,5 to 0,7 – it is good";
from 0,7 to 1 – is excellent". Then on all groups the general results of
the analysis were calculated in percentage terms.
The qualitative
analysis of answers of students has shown that it is peculiar to them or the
pragmatical understanding of an ecological science, or the term "ecology"
contacts concepts "alarm", "protection",
"preservation". Studying of the received empirical material has
allowed us to assert that the considerable part of students poorly operates
with scientific concepts which would allow them to comprehend essential characteristics
of an ecological science more deeply. Knowledge of students of ecology are
frequently deduced from their empirical experience. It means that many of them
don't realize an ecology essence.
Studying of
knowledge of students about the basic ecological concepts was carried out and
on the basis of results of examinations. Work joined the following task: «List
the simple concepts which are a part of following difficult concepts:«
environment and factors of environment ";" ecology of organisms
";" population ecology ";" a biogeocenosis ». In total in
research 300 answers of students have been analysed.
The obtained data
allows to assert that considerable enough part of students participating in
polls (about 40 %) hasn't mastered ecological knowledge at conceptual level.
We believe that
difficulties of students in a formulation of ecological laws speak that at
consciousness level in educational process they haven't been comprehended,
their concrete value in course of material processes in biosphere wasn't shown,
there were not understood global cycles in the nature. From here – absence of
an indicator «generalize» in ecological knowledge of students.
 a course of empirical
research to students of different faculties the question on influences on environment
of the engineering activity connected with this or that branch of manufacture
was asked.
As the data obtained by us testifies,
at students of all groups incomplete answers dominate though also correct, but.
Besides, in the works executed by them the considerable share was made by
«wrong answers». From our point of view, it is necessary to explain such data
presence in curricula of faculties only one scientific discipline –
"Ecology", absence in them of such important course for the future engineer,
as «Industrial ecology». Therefore in this case we can't judge presence at
students of the integrated knowledge connecting together natural and
engineering science.
We are inclined
to explain the obtained data specificity of the organization of training in
which dared basically cognitive problems, and the attention wasn't focused on
comprehension by students of the reasons of environmental problems on
lichnostno- active level.
The analysis of
the data of experiment, shows that scientifically-informative motives of
wildlife management as a whole for all groups of students are dominating. Such
prevalence testifies that students have an aspiration to comprehension of
environmental problems. However, as have shown the subsequent interviews, this
comprehension isn't for them internally necessary. Therefore the
scientifically-informative relation of students to a wildlife management
problem testifies only that they aspire to seize knowledge of this process.
We are inclined
to regard the given phenomenon as prevalence of scientific rationality over
tsennostno-semantic components of ecological activity. Whereas in orientations
of students to wildlife management the humanistic and patriotic motives
inducing the subject on mastering by theoretical and standard knowledge in
their unity and interrelation should have priority value. Is standard-estimated
and motivational components of ecological consciousness of students – the
future engineers-prirodopolzovatelej should be filled by the humanistic
maintenance as humanistic reference points allow to carry out real (vital)
examination of results of engineering activity and to prevention of env
ironmental problems. Our reference to a condition of a practical component of
ecological consciousness of students has been based on the analysis of logic of
engineering thinking which is really shown in the course of designing and
carrying out of ecological examinations.
Results have
shown that low enough level of the subjective relation to the nature at all
doesn't mean destructive orientation of ecological activity, otherwise, so far
as concerns a low level of development of relations to the nature, low level of
its "positivity" is considered. The anthropocentric paradigm of
thinking has so deeply got into modern consciousness that is shown even at the
people who are professionally engaged in wildlife management.
The problem
consists in that the person was ready to see environmental problems, was
internally ready to active action, to realization of possibility of interaction
with the nature world.
THE LITERATURE
1. Karpinsky R. Ñ, Liseev I.K., Ogurzov A.L.
Philosoph's Cucumbers: kîevîl ation strategy: Ì: Enòtårpràks, 1995. – With. 214-240.
2. V.A.Jadov V.A,
Poisons Century and About dispositional regulation of social behavior of the
person / V.A.Jadov//Methodological problems of social psychology. – Ì, 1975. – With. 37.