PhD, docent Nikiforova
L.O., Yunenko S. V.
Vinnitsa
National Technical University
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PERSONNEL’S
MOTIVATION
Personnel management includes many
components. One of the leading point is its psychological motivation. In modern
society and management this aspect becomes more and more increasingly
important. The main goal of the psychological aspects of motivation is to have
the best result using own workforce, and this allows to increase the overall
profitability and efficiency of the enterprise in future [1, 2]. Today the
question is actual, because the market competitiveness of modern enterprises
largely depends on the psychological aspects of management, exactly of the
employees’ loyalty, their level of interest in achieving the common strategic
goals of the company, and so on.
Detection and satisfaction the psychological needs is
an effective mechanism of personnel motivation, providing a high level of
interest and pleasure of work, reducing costs and improvement the efficiency of
production. When considering the tools of social and psychological motivation
the factors that effectively influence on subconscious level and force people
to work in the necessary direction should be taken into account. Among the
main factors influencing a person are: the need, the motive and the incentive.
The needs influence the motives of the workers’ operating activities. On the
other hand, the formed motives of workers are considered as internal state of
predisposition, readiness to decide tasks in a particular way. The motive is a
complex integral psychological phenomenon. Practice has shown that
psychological methods of regulation motives of human behavior are more
effective in the case of reflecting the complex level
structure of the mind, considering its
biological and social nature. As some authors say [2, 3], the motives are
"inside" the person, have individual nature and depend on many
external and internal (relative to the person) factors.
Motives determine what
and how you need to do, induce people to act, affect some behaviors and
production activities of the employee. The incentives are external factors that
force employees to work towards the realization of their personal or common
collective goals.
Effects
of motives cause incentives that act as a factor of frustration or even anger.
Separate objects, actions of others, open opportunities and prospects, and many
other factors that can be offered to a person as a reward for the actions or
the prospects of receiving this reward as a result of certain actions appear
often as the incentives. If a person does not accept the stimulus or it does
not fit the needs of a person, the incentive may not become a motive. If the
root cause of human behavior coincides with their goals or interests, the external
incentive take effect in this case. And, consequently, there is an important
task prioritizing individual, collective and social interests.
Social
and psychological motivation should be a constant priority and a part of
corporate culture based on emotional and internal needs of workers, that’s why
the company should always use some psychological techniques to motivate the
staff [2]. There are many different methods of psychological motivation of
employees, ranging from the seven basic principles of social control, formed by
P.Drucker [2], to the main
psychological techniques [4] such as "joining the other people's
problems," "provocation", "state - means stable "and
so on. The choice of techniques and methods of psychological motivation depends
on the head. And don’t stop at previous achievements but develop and improve
the built system. Only this approach of ongoing development can provide
viability of the motivation system of the enterprise [2, 4].
As
an example of successful and prominent leader who knew how effectively motivate
the staff, let’s examine the activity of the founder of the concern of making
color cartoons and the owner of Disneyland - Walt Disney. It was not principal
for W. Disney who proposed a new idea, the main thing was to involve all the
participants of the process starting with cleaner to the deputy director, and
that differs him from all other leaders. Only then, Disney said, the employees
could understand exactly what result they were expected from the head and they
worked with enthusiasm and tenacity. In the preface to many animated films W.
Disney thanks his employees in such way: "I express my
sincere appreciation to my staff. This work could be done, through their talent
and dedication", which is an extremely powerful psychological factor of
motivation.
An
important conclusion of the social and psychological researches is the position
that human development, its behavior is determined by the type of social
environment. In recent years, social and psychological methods of management
began to supplement the statement of Socionics - the science of typologisation
of people on the principle of their assimilation and processing of information.
Depending on sociotype [2] or the type of economic activity of a person [3], to
which he or she belongs, social and psychological methods, models and methods
of staff motivation are elaborated.
Among
the most common typologies which are used in the practice of modern
psychological management the typologies formed by K.G. Jung [2] A.A. Shiyan and A. Auhustynavychyute should be emphasize [3].
Therefore,
in conclusion we can say that psychological regulation of people activity is a
very complex multidimensional process. That’s why, the task of managers is to
create new technologies and structures that would help to realize social and
psychological potential of employees.
1.
Psychological aspects of
promotion the staff. [Electronic resource] - Mode of access:
http://mwmm.ru/psixologichni-aspekti-stimulyuvannya-personalu/ - Screen title.
2.
Moroz O. V. The social and psychological
factors of motivating employees in instrument-making enterprises: Monograph //
Moroz O.V., Nikiforova L.O., A.A. Shiyan - Vinnitsa: VNTU - 2011. - 275 p.
3.
Shiyan A.A. Types of Economic Behavior: The
Instrument for Management of Individuals, Institutions, Countries and Humankind
/ Shiyan AA, Nikiforova L. O. // Institutions & Transition Economics:
Microeconomic Issues Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 43, 01 November, 2011. Available at
SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1952651
4.
Nikiforova L.O. The main psychological
techniques of motivation for young professionals / Nikiforova L. O. // Collection
of scientific works "Socio-economic aspects of industrial policy. Actual problems of human resource management and marketing in
the context of the development strategy
of Ukraine." Donetsk: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2007, vol. 2. -
S. 289-295.