MODERN
CONDITION OF COTTON FIBER AND ITS
PRODUCTION’S CLASSIFICATION
K.Ì. KARIMKULOV
The Higher military Customs Institute, Republic
Uzbekistan , Tashkent.
E-mail - karimkulov@mail.ru
Republic of Uzbekistan is the state of production of
cotton fiber, occupies fifth-sixth place in the world production of cotton fiber
and second place after USA on export. Cotton fiber and its production
are the main strategic goods of the Republic. At conversion of cotton is
possible to get the cotton filament, waste cotton plant, waste of textile
industry, cotton lint, cotton, cotton wool and many other wastes. The problems
appear at the export of these mentioned products on classification of goods, on
the goods nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic Uzbekistan.
It’s known that below
enumerated countries produce the cotton filament and products: USA, Mexico,
Brasilia, Turkey, Australia, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Uzbekistan,
Tadzhikistan, Turkmen and others. Installed, that Uzbek filament at present on
consumer characteristics don’t yield, but on some features the quality of cotton filament exceed among the most largest
countries as USA, India, China.
In Republic happened to solve
the difficult problems on deduction and further fortification position of Uzbek
cotton fiber on the world market. The Efforts of government of the Republic
were directed on reformation and improvement of whole cotton branch, commencing
from removing of new selection sorts of the cotton plant and finishing
efficient policy of the marketing filament in accordance with modern market
mechanism.
The Background element of the policy
of government on increasing of competitiveness filament was support by Ministry of rural and water facilities
and selectors of the republic, which in these years undertook the row of the
drastic measures on improvement of the high-quality composition of the cotton
plant, removing new early-ripening, higher harvest, firm to diseases and vermin
sorts with high quality and share of the output filament, as well as
preparation of material for undertaking
efficient relief sort[1].
From literature is known for quality
analysis of cotton filament are used different modern methods of the analysis
and instruments. We give some examples typical for all countries, growing cotton.
The measurements of the qualitative features are executed by exact speediest
methods, which usually is identified "Classification HVI".
Test the cotton began in 1920,
but velocity of the acceptance noticeably increased from the time at which USA
have altered by sawing to 100% test filament on system HVI at the beginning of 1990.
During undertaking 61 plenary sessions in Cairo in 2002 representatives of the
producers and users came to the total opinion about that cotton industry
necessary to move onward on way to taking the systems of the estimation quality
filament, founded on instrument, but on 62 plenary sessions in 2003 in Gdansk
they have came to a conclusion that for standardization of test results necessary international agreement on use the
systems of the estimation quality of cotton by means of instrument.
Beside one on third world production of cotton fiber is at present
checked at a rate of producer instrumentally, and this percent grows. We suppose
that at the following five years more then half of the cotton production in the
world will be valued with using of the systems HVI. The Large powered
instrument HVI – higher automated module system for measurement and determined
physical features of the textile filaments and, in the first place of cotton
filament.
World cotton industry
developed more than two ages in the manner of independent national industry
often on local rules and trade procedures, units of the measurement and
internal standard quality. The size of the stacks and their density differed in
miscellaneous countries. China releases stacks both on 80 kgs, and on 225 kg.
The rate of the weight in South Asia are on stacks 170 kgs, 400 pounds - in
West Africa, 480 pounds of the stack are accepted in USA, 227 kgs stacks in
Australia and 720 pounds of the stack in Egypt. The standards of quality differ
in miscellaneous countries, including universal cotton standards and multiple
national standards, supported national organization in many cottons-sow countries.
Some countries have qualitative parameters, founded on numeral, which unite the
color, texture and litter in one category, others use the letters. In some
countries qualitative standards are differentiated on sorts, in the other
countries distinguish the cotton and saw and topple dginirovaniye. The different standards quality do
not find the concordant correlation, allowing produce the exact comparison of different
sorts of cotton and its production.
The Cotton plant, as live
plant, with its acclimatization, sorts, increasing its fibers, oily, moisture
nutriment, speedup of the periods of ripple, with reference to different light
weather forecast condition, research many scientists -biologists, chemists,
physicists in all country of the world growing cotton. Cotton plant, as the most important
technical plant, has not exhausted their own possibilities, but, on the
contrary, shows their own new, inimitable working quality. In light of the
foregoing considerations, at determination of the goods code of cotton filament
necessary to take into account the latest achievements of the science in the
field of breeding and creation of its early-ripening sorts, economy watered resources,
as natural polymer, residing in unceasing biological renovation and
improvement.
In one pound of the cotton
fiber can be kept till 100 and more millions of the filaments. Each filament is an offshoot from separate
hutch, which develops on surface layer of the cottonseed. On early stage of its
development filament lengthens on get fat length as pipe with fine wall. On
measure of the maturation wall filament is thickened to account of the
postponing the cellulose, leaving cavity in the centre. When period of the
growing ends and alive material dies, filament decays and twisted around its own axis.
From literature is known that
filament by length 29-32 mm in China and Republic of Korea are used for reception of fabrics i.e. in textile
production. In Republic Uzbekistan, according to GUST the most short filaments is equal to 29,2 mm so on the world
market Uzbek cotton filament is considered popular for production fabrics.
As a result of complex study of
physic-chemical and mechanical characteristic of goods filament was proved by
us need to its classification of cotton filament and its products on Goods
nomenclature of foreign economic activity. Herewith necessary to come from such
parameter, as length filament, mass share vice and rubbish admixtures, linear
density, moisture, factor to maturity, molecular mass, viscosity solution and
etc. In requirement international standard as main parameter of cotton fiber is
accepted its length. In other words, there is practicability and need to
provide in correspondence to with requirements of international standard
applicable in practice state standards and standard specifications on cotton
filament and its different marketable products. Us are designed methods of the
determination of the new goods codes for cotton filament and its product on the
base of their chemical composition, legally protecting economic interests of
the Republic.
During the firs time of research
work was investigate sorts of miscellaneous cotton filament, but cellulose is
chosen on the known method. Studied the leaving the cellulose from miscellaneous
sort filament.
In the Republic Uzbekistan,
Tadzhikistan and Turkmen is used Goods nomenclature of foreign economic
activity Eurasian Economic Community (EVRAZES) i.e. 10 signs codes of goods.
At classification of cotton
fiber and its derived on Goods nomenclature of foreign economic activity
appears the certain difficulties. In this connection was studied composition,
physical chemical factors of cotton in accordance with requirements O`z DSt.
In the first place was
researched code numbers of cotton filament and its product on Goods
nomenclature: cotton filament (the goods position 5201), product after
conversion cotton filament (the goods position 5202), product, formed after
conversion of the cotton-product in its raw state (ulyuk, carbon-monoxide fumes); (the goods position 5202) product, formed
after conversion cotton filament on textile production (ulyuk, carbon-monoxide fumes, Standard
1-17). The product for instance
"wastes", forming after conversion of cotton filament on textile
production, length filament is equal from 5 till 29,2 mm, is valuable raw material for reception of the
net cellulose.
2 types of cotton filament
exist in according to O`zDSt of the Republic of Uzbekistan: middle fiber and long
fiber, from them 5 sorts, 9 types, which differs from each other on physical-chemical
parameters, on length as follows, exterior, moisture, wastes and others, to
which are used codes of the Goods nomenclature of Foreign economic activity and
which are classified on two goods positions: 520100100 - - - hygroscopic or
bleached, 520100900 - - - others. So,
on our opinion, at classification of cotton filament on Goods nomenclature of Foreign
economic activity as main criterion reasonable to take the length a filament so
necessary to carry in subheading 5201000100 additional code numbers 10 and 11.
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BIOGRAPHICAL DATA of the
AUTHOR
Karimkulov Kurbonkul
Mavlankulovich –doctor of chemical sciences, assistant professor.
The Chief of the Chair of
certification and classification of goods
Office phone.(8-371) 2445626 office
fax. Home phone. 2860989 .
Mobile phone 7392953.
The Higher Military Customs Institute
Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Address: 100071, Republic of
Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Kazyrabat St.-2- 118. Higher Military Customs Institute