INNOVATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Yu.M. Kozlovskii
Lviv Institute of banking of
the University of banking of the
National bank of Ukraine,
Innovational
processes in scientific activity cause the need for the change of correlation
between scientific and educational activity of teachers, especially the
reinforcement of a scientific component. It envisages the renovation of the
structure and content of teachers’ scientific activity and enlargement of
scientific activity share in teachers’ work. As a result there is expected the
reinforcement of interrelation of educational and scientific activity of higher
educational institutions, the rise of the quality of scientific developments
and creation of specialized branch and educational scientific structures.
The
given report presents possibilities of fractal and synergetic approaches.
The
principle of extraction of properties of the whole from properties of particles
has been traditional for many years. In the context of fractal approach the
whole is initial. Only by means of perception of the characteristics and
dynamics of the whole one can draw out patterns of interaction of its all
“fractional” parts.
Creation
of the fractal matrix of the scientific activity of a higher educational
institution is a long-range trend of the development of Bologna ideas of
science and education unity.
An
organization can survive under any matrix but it can fulfill its great target
only on the basis of its own fractal matrix which agrees with its own
managerial mechanisms.
To
our mind, scientific activity of a higher educational institution can be viewed
as a matrix of fractal structures with the same number of elements and various
substructures.
Synergetics
mainly studies open systems. If a system consists of a large number of
subsystems, then, the leading parameters being changed, there are formed
qualitatively new structures on a macroscopic scale. Another essential
peculiarity of synergetic systems lies in the fact that they can be managed by
means of changing external factors which act upon them.
For
example, the dynamics of a scientific work can be regulated externally, by
means of influencing upon it with corresponding managerial operations.
Depending on the character of these leading factors in the system of scientific
work there may arise absolutely different types of substructures’ behaviour.
Respectively we will achieve qualitatively different results of scientific
activity.
Non-linearity
of scientific structures of a higher educational institution has a number of
peculiarities. Under definite conditions non-linearity may reinforce
fluctuations. Then little changes become big, macroscopic.
Non-linearity
of processes makes predictions–extrapolations from the available, that have
been rather widely-spread till present, unreliable and insufficient.
Synergetic
approach can be used as the basis for the integration of scientific activity of
a higher educational institution, firstly, the integration of interscientific and
general scientific investigations and, secondly, the integration of scientific
and educational activity trends. In the result of the development of
mathematical and computer modeling there emerged new opportunities for such
integration with the use of video, audio and textual means of information
transmission.
Synergetics
provides methodological fundamentals for understanding the ways of development of
scientific activity of a higher educational institution, reasons for
evolutional crises, predictions liability etc.
Thus,
synergetics may become a basis for taking substantiated decisions and
predictions under conditions of uncertainty and periodical reorganization of
scientific structures.
For
example, the system of scientific activity of a higher educational institution
is centred in the scientific department, which provides scientific and
organizational activity and research work, coordinates them, brings about
international activity, ensures teachers’ qualification heightening and
organizes students’ and teachers’ research work, provides scientific needs,
gives help in research work.
At
the same time the department contains two similar substructures – sectors,
which are organized on principally equal footing.
The
scientific and organizational sector of general scientific investigations
provides scientific and organizational activity, carries out international
relations, organizes teachers’ qualification heightening; organizes students’
and teachers’ research work, controls the performance of research themes,
organizes activity which concerns grants and projects, organizes conferences,
seminars, contests etc.
The
research sector of investigations in the branch, in which students are trained
at a higher educational institution, provides research activity and teachers’
qualification heightening, gives help in students’ and teachers’ research work,
provides scientific needs of the branch.
Thus,
regarding the scientific activity of a higher educational institution as a
matrix of fractal structures with a similar number of elements and different
substructures one can reorganize the scientific work on the basis of ideas of
the synergetic approach. Each substructure is viewed as an open system, all its
substructures being similar, that makes it much easier to manage the
scientific work and contributes to the concordance of activity and
interrelation of separate elements.