Influence of chemical of toxic agents
for a health status of workers and in the experiment.
(literature
review)
Dakiyeva K.Hz., Dzhangozina D.M., Sultanbekov Z.K., East-Kazakhstan branch of “National
center of occupational hygiene and professional illnesses”, Ust-Kamenogorsk
city, Kazakhstan.
ANNOTATION
The combination of assets of titanium (high mechanical strength and
corrosion resistance with low relative density)
makes it irreplaceable structural material.
The principle of method is that
incoming to the plant raw materials of the titanic slag or the concentrate is
chlorinated with foundation of titanium tetrachloride. The received technological tetrachloride is cleaned from
admixtures by method of rectification and distillation. The cleaned titanium tetrachloride
is restored by metallic magnesium with the foundation
of titanium. The received titanium sponge is undergone by processing,
cutting and sorting after that is sent to the customer.
The whole technological process is
accompanied by release of aerosol of titanium dioxide, tetrachloride titanium
vapor, chlorine, phosgene,
carbon monoxide and magnesium chloride to the air of workrooms.
The main reason of dust
and gas release is a breaking of leaktightness of
technological equipment and transportation links. The extreme aggression of
titanium tetrachloride is a cause of breaking
of leaktightness of technological equipment and
transportation links.
Key words: Technological
process, toxic agents, experimental and full-scale data.
I Introduction
The health protection of working population is the
important factor of stable social-economical development that gives the
opportunity to working population to live healthy and productive life during
the active labor activity and after it.
With a help of effective programs over health
protection of working population and safety on working places and also of many
structural changes it became possible to achieve an improvement of labor
conditions in several sectors of production. But some factors that are harmful
for health such as physical, chemical, biological besides occupational injuries
still threaten to a health of workers in all countries, becoming a result of
occupational diseases and injuries.
The implementation of new technologies new in work
processes, in labor organization, new chemical materials and agents and also
increasing level of mechanization and industrialization in the developing
countries can be a result of new epidemics of professional and related to work
sicknesses and injuries. Besides this the demographic changes composed of
working population require new strategies and programs for a health protection
of working population in whole world.
The basic
priorities providing a protection of health of workers of industrial
enterprises are established in Kazakhstan Republic by Law “About labor
protection” and Law “About sanitary-and-epidemiologic welfare of people”. The
main point is the providing the favorable conditions of labor on the
manufacture, the preventing of the occupational traumatism, safeguarding of
life and health of a person in working process.
In the Research Institute of labor medicine [Izmerov N. F. and co-auth. 1993, 1994. N.B. Lebedev and co-auth., 1992. Suvorov
G.A. and co-auth., 1993] the methodology and principal approach of dose degree
of noise and vibration and the prognostication of probability of developing of
professional sickness from the influence of these factors were developed.
The basic physical-biological regularities of
influence of human vibroacoustic expositions with a
glance of physical characteristics and physiological peculiarities of analyze
system reaction were revealed. The
conception “protection by time” was developed and reserves of
all its forms were analyzed, the generalized hygienic recommendations on “protection by time” applying the system of measures of
prevention were given. The terms of “safe period of probation” for different
levels of noise and vibration influence were calculated.
Estimating a risk of sickness of pneumoconiosis some
authors [Izmerov N. F. and co-auth. 1993, 1994. N.B. Lebedev and co-auth., 1992. Suvorov
G.A. and co-auth., 1993] shown that for every specific working conditions (dust
concentration, its composition and other indicators) the “safe period of
probation” in conditions of specific dustiness in which the risk of sickness is
excluded with 95% of reliability can be calculated. On the basis of made
researches the direct relation of severity of pneumoconiosical
changes in lungs from the value of dust burden and length of dust being in
lungs was established, i.e. it was shown ones more that time factor has a great
meaning in manifestation of fibrogene effect of dust.
The harmful chemical substances without any doubt may
be a reason of change of organism reactivity, homeostasis indicators, and
adaptive possibilities therefore may define a heightened morbidity of so-called
industrial-provided sicknesses. This problem is very difficult, insufficiently
known and requires its decision.
In spite of preventive measures under contact of
workers with different chemical agents using in agriculture and industry still
there is a deleterious effect of these agents when getting in organism.
II Major part
The analysis of work conditions of Ust-Kamenogorsk titanium-magnesium
manufacture allows marking out the dominating harmful
factors of manufacture. To them we should refer the aerosols of condensation
and integration of compound chemical composition as derivative of starting
material of receipt of magnesium and titanium (carnallite,
olivine, ilmenite)
and hazards arising in the process of their processing.
So, the chronic lungs diseases are the result of
combined action of hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride. The workers of common
professions of titanium-magnesium manufacture was examined and
the bond of clinical and roentgen functional changes of breathing system of
organism with influence of toxicochemical agents of
this manufacture (aerosol of titanium dioxide and metallic titanium, titanium tetrachloride, chlorine, hydrogen chloride,
phosgene) was shown [2].
Workers of shops of titanium tetrachloride
manufacture have frequent involvement of upper air passages, bronchopulmonary apparatus and nervous system (R.F. Afanacyeva
and co-auth., 1997).
When hydrolysis
of titanium tetrachloride in the air of working places the hydrogen
chloride is discovered that influence more seriously to the organisms of
workers than end products. It is explained that either by behavior of the
reaction of hydrolysis in breathing organs of workers, or by combined action
not only of terminal but and intermediate products of hydrolysis, part of that
probably have more higher toxicity (Feygin B.G.,
1986) [3].
Workers of a shop with substantial record of service have the
infiltrated fibrous changes. The course
of chronic dust bronchitis is accompanied by phenomenon of marked respiratory
compromise (Kazhikenov A.N., 2000). The workers of
titanium manufacturing during the influence of titanium
tetrachloride and of products of hydrolysis the hypertrophic rhinitises and preatrophic pharyngitises (Yecenaliyeva R.N., 1972).
The influence of toxic gases of the titanium
tetrachloride, its hydrolysis products, chlorine, dusts of titanium dioxide and
metallic titanium were detected during studding of technological production
process of titanium and hygiene and sanitary conditions [4].
When primer of white mice by the titanium
tetrachloride the effect is made not only by titanium tetrachloride, but and
its hydrolysis products, the hydrogen chloride and aerosols of titanium compounds
[15]. The high temperature during the action of titanium tetrachloride products
on the test animals was marked. Such toxicological action of products of
hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride is connected with that the vapors of
hydrochloric acid enter into the deep sections of lungs.
The experiments on animals detected the presence of
selectively sensitive to magnesium receptors in the liver, the information
about that is spread to the hypothalamic area through the vagus,
stimulating the secretion of neurohypophyseal
hormones that change the magnesium secretion with urine. It means that the
uniformity of types of reactions appearing when stimulation of similar paratopes without changes of ionic composition in general
blood circulation points to the similarity in the organization of reflex
mechanism of regulation of people’s and animals’ magnesium’s edge [Pantyukhin I.V., 1989].
It is known that mono and titanium disulfide have a
low-grade of fibrogene and general-toxic action. The
test animals after the intrathoracic introduction of
sulfides were examined and the growth of aminotraspherase
activity in the blood serum and liver, of choline
esterase of blood activity, the change of content of nucleic acids in liver and
of urine in kidneys and in blood serum were observed. Also was detected a mild
inflammatory-proliferative reaction in alveolar septums in the places of localization of dust
particles. The postmortem changes in the
viscuses were characterized by appearing of sings of parenchymatous degeneration in liver and kidneys [Brakhnova I.T. and co-auth., 1989].
It was detected in the experiments on animals that the
dust of the titanium dioxide may bring on the changes as in the lung tissue as
in the bronchial lymph nodes. When intratracheal
introduction of dust TiO2, metallic titanium and titanium carbide to
albino rats, in 6-8 months the proliferative cellular
reaction around the amassed dust and the hyperplasia of lymphatic follicles
around bronchus were observed [5].
III
Resume
The influence of harmful factors of titanium-magnesium
production and their role in the origin of health disorder is necessary in some
researches that may become the basis of developing of a complex of
health-improving arrangements, directed at improving of level of health and
capacity for work improving.
In the scientific literature works on studding of
influence of harmful factors of industrial environment on workers’ organisms
are met very rarely and they concern certain organs and systems and do not give
a conception about mechanism and their operation. That is why it is necessary
to make a complex of clinico functional researches of
workers’ level of health.
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