Филология/ 3. Теоретические и
методологические проблемы исследования языка
N. Chorney, T. Groshko
Bukovyna State Finance
Academy, Ukraine
Modern language
terminological processes in banking
Scientific
and technical progress, restructuring the socio-economic and political systems
in the country saturate our language with new means, terms. Finding our own
language facility for transferring of new terms contribute emergence author
neologisms, some of which displace borrowed terms, while others eventually disappeared
without distribution.
Terminology
nowadays – is a conscious process of controlled language, which provides
congruity of any terms with the fundamental laws of language, whether
borrowing, avoidance of synonymy, and multiple language terminology of
borrowing terms. Nowadays, there are active revival forgotten dialects,
redefining old words, folk terms, which are in the spoken language, which at
that time not settled down in terminology and no longer perceived.
The
main source of the formation of terminology is the common language as the basis
of the Ukrainian literature language. It should be noted, that the specifics of
the banking terminology formation widely use foreign language borrowing, one of
the factors of which are profound changes in the economy of Ukraine and international
outcome.
Learning
of finance vocabulary requires the allocation of the basic language groups in
the dictionary of banking terms such as:
1)
economic categories (gross-profit, value);
2) banking
entity (shareholder, creditor, guarantor, dealer);
3) the
names of processes and operations (renewal of credit, mobilization funds,
indexing);
4)
financial institutions (stock exchange, the audit firm, the International Committee
of Accounting and Standards, the branch of the bank);
5)
types, methods, forms of banking (buying of the company, the auction exchange);
6)
methods and mechanisms for banking operations (arbitrage, money transfer);
7)
banking documentation (bill, endorsement, Avista, receipt debt);
8) the
means of financial relations (coin, currency, budget, cash assets, notes).
Language
processes caused by sharp changes in the realities of our present and the
appropriate intensity of terminology development of modern Ukrainian literary
language. According to this view, there are such language processes in the
Ukrainian language:
Polisemy
in terminology means the fact polysemantic. For example, the word
"bonus" has the following meanings: 1) additional compensation,
prize; 2) additional price discount provided by the seller on the contract
condition or constant client; 3) commission of service for buying selling of
goods.
Some
terms have the meanings that are quite distant from each other, although they
are not yet words homonymy. For example: agio - is: 1) the difference between
the rate exchange or commission collection with levy exchange of paper money
into coins or weak exchange rates for strengths; and 2) growth of market
currency or securities of their face value; 3) increase the market price of
gold in monetary equivalent and so on.
The
analysis confirms the presence of synonymy, which is generally regarded as
"alien" phenomenon in terminology, because each terms should have
only one exact name. For example: «рамбусувати» – “return, repay”;
extension - the renewal of deal term and others.
One of
the most productive ways of replenishing the terminology of modern banking is
borrowing from other languages, which explaining Ukrainian transition to the
market economy. There are many new concepts, phenomena, objects with out their
determination in Ukrainian language. However, there are many identical semantic
foreign and Ukrainian terms, which operate in parallel. It brings to synonymy
in terminology system, which is one of the characteristics of the banking
formation terminology.
Ukrainian
Finance and Credit terminology is enrich by borrowings from different
languages: Latin (interest, dividends, subsidies, credit, deposit, emission),
Italian (advice, Avista, bank, currency, Lombard, Agio, balance, cash), Germany
(bill, indosat, penalty), French (advance annuity, devaluation, dekuver,
quotes, finance), English (discounting, factoring, freight, swap, dumping,
tariffs, clearing , investor, forfeiting), Russian (penalty, treasury, revenue,
income).
The
formation of modern Ukrainian language, to some extent, is closely relates with
the integration and globalization processes modifying and supplementing them.
Under these conditions, such processes as polisemy, homonymy, synonymy and
borrowing from other languages are becoming wider spread, especially in the
banking terminology. Therefore, the special task of modern philology is
investigation and analysis of modern Ukrainian language modification,
distribution, and using of them.
Used literature:
1.
Загородній А. Г. Совник банківських термінів. Банківська справа:
Термінологічний словник. – К.: Аконіт, 2000. – 605 с.
2.
Симоненко Л. О. Національні та інтернаціональні компоненти в сучасних
терміносистемах. – К., 1993. – С. 3.
3. Тимкова
В. Мовні процеси в системі сучасної термінології банківської справи // www.lib.sau.sumy.ua.