E.B.Mukazhanov

Kazakh national agrarian university

Improvement of ecologically safe technology of increase of productivity of grain crops on the basis of deep destruction spices weeds in conditions of a country facilities

Offered to project was actual at all times, however became more demanded now when there was a question on competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, the prices for energy carriers have increased, and ecological requirements to manufacture of any production, including agricultural have become tougher. It became especially significant now when the Government of Kazakhstan purposefully carries out a policy of all-round support of the manufacturer of the agricultural goods and its protection in conditions of the introduction of the state in the World trading organization (WTO).

During evolution some weeds have so adapted to conditions of a life of cultural plants that exist as satellites of the last and grow in common. Such weeds refer to specialized. They litter crops only the certain cultures. In crops winter it is possible to meet specialized kinds of weeds - threte rib odourless, a cornflower dark blue, a fire rye and others, on fields of millet - bristle, in crops of rice - chicken millet, etc. Many weed plants meet in crops of the majority from cultures.

The basic harm caused by weed plants, consists in sharp decrease in crops of agricultural crops with the same deterioration of received production. It occurs as a result of a competition between cultural and weed plants for major factors of a life - water, light and nutrients.

Losses of a crop from weeds, illnesses, wreckers of various cultures in the world are very great and составляют:-grain - 500-510 million т., sugar beets - 65-75, - a potato - 125-135, - vegetables - 78-79, what makes 30-40% general gathering production and is estimated by astronomical figure - 75 billion dollars. Especially, appreciable damage, weeds in conditions of regular application of mineral fertilizers cause, the operating ratio of nutrients cultural plants on the average makes 30-40%, and weeds - it is much more.

Except for direct harm, the weed vegetation harms indirectly, being the center of distribution of wreckers and illnesses of agricultural crops.

There is a set of ways, receptions and means of destruction of weeds, including chemical, biological, mechanical, agrotechnical, etc. Each of them has crop rotations both a number of positive influences, and negative.

Many scientists and the organizations, as in Kazakhstan, and foreign, in particular in the Research-and-production center of mechanization and electrification of an agriculture, the Research-and-production center of grain crops of name Baraeva (were engaged and engaged in the given theme with. Akkol), the Kazakh national agrarian university, the Belarus state university, the Siberian state technological university of the Russian Federation, Bryansk agricultural academy of the Russian Federation, etc. Except for that works of authors from the CIS countries as Abugaliev I.A., Zhigajlov V.V., Baraev A.I., Kavtanov A.N., Izvekov A.S., Baraev A.I., Gossen E.F., Zajtseva A.A., Gossen E.F.Bokhiev В.Б are known., Tumurkhonov V.V., Бохиев V.B.Bokhiev В.Б., Tumurhonov V.V.Vysotsky A.A.Vasilenko М.П., Babiy., Vlasenko V.M., Goryachkin V.P., Gritsaj A.D., Kolomiets K.V., Hudson, Gusak V.B., Dmitriev A.L., Dospekhov B.A., Dyachenko A.E., Eremich M.I., Zaslavskiy M.N.Zyuzkov B.N., Kalinovskiy, Ivanov, Kishnakbaev P.K., Matyashin Y.I., Grinchuk I.N., Egorov G.M., Nikiforenko L.I., Rudnev P.N., Kobzar V.F., Sineokov G.N., Sirs I.M., Sdobnikov S.S., Kirdin V.F., Khoroshilov I.I., Khoroshilova V.I., Mamedov M.F. And many foreign scientists.

Questions of development of ways and means of struggle against weeds devote decisions of some scientists, in particular to A.M.Malienko, V.I.Vetokhin, G.I.Maksimovich, V.K.Sapelkin, V.I.sparrow, V.V.Likhomanov, G.I.Palmin, M.P. It is young, N.Yunusov, Y.I.Damaev, V.V.Tumurkhonov, V.I.Khandalov, V.B.Bokhiev, D.O.Yundusov, D.T.Amagaev, S.V.Herman, YU.V.Terentyev.

The set forth above works are to a greater or lesser extent effective for destruction basically a method of treatment of the rhizomes located on depth from 12-14 sm (a wheat grass creeping) up to 20-25 sm (cane). At the same time it is known, that depth of an arrangement of a great bulk of roots of duplication of many spices (ostrec, sviniroy) and spices choot (bodyak field, gorchak pink, molochay, etc.) 40-45 sm and more reach. In such cases efficiency of application of the specified ways and devices decreases, in view of forsaking in underlaying layers of a significant amount of viable roots of duplication.

We offer a new way of struggle against the long-term weeds, including processing of ground on depth spices habitable a layer, it soaking, branch of rhizomes from ground and extraction on a surface with the subsequent (the preliminary patent of Republic Kazakhstan for the invention.

The given offer eliminates many lacks of known decisions.

The purpose to project is creation and realization of ecologically safe technology and a mean of deep extraction spices the weeds, the fullest clarification water from long-term weeds and as the consequence, providing increase of productivity leguminous, the organization of training seminars, trainings for beneficiare, farmers, students, propagation among agricultural population about positive influence of System of competitive grants of the World Bank.

Problems to project:

-lead the system analysis of the scientific information, the best practices on technologies and means of destruction profundity spices weeds;

-study physicomechanical, abrasive properties of ground and weed plants, to establish their influence on working bodies of the machine;

-establish laws of influence of resistance of ground, root system on working body and as a whole on the machine, and also to give theoretical calculation of traction and power parameters of the unit;

- To prepare the technical project on designing of a mean of destruction profoundity spices weeds;

- To develop the design-budget and design documentation on a mean of destruction profoundity spices weeds;

-make a mean, purcbase the standard equipment, accompanying assembly materials, manufacturing of the non-standard equipment;

- the Organization of assembly of a mean;

-lead trial tests working capacity of a mean;

-final operational development of details, units of a mean;

-field tests in conditions of a country facilities and transfer under the certificate of a mean beneficiare; - the Organization of training seminars and trainings, carrying out of industrial practices of students, the publication of materials in mass-media.

The specified researches have theoretical applied character with corresponding hardware, mathematical registration and participation of scientists with high theoretical agrotechnical preparation demand. For this reason data to project concerns and it is directed on the further development of applied agricultural researches.

The science officers involved in the project who can issue them as introduction of results of researches in manufacture also will benefit from results of realization to project. Will win also educational process of university, so most, having shown real integration of a science and practice.

As a whole many country facilities should benefit from realization подпроекта Almaty, Jambyl and the South-Kazakhstan areas.

The offered advanced technology is viable after the termination of financing on the grant because:

- the southern region of Kazakhstan is the traditional and stable manufacturer of grain production in significant amounts, has the established infrastructure.

-grain products are strategic food products, will have therefore a stable demand, as on internal, and external the markets;

- the offered technology is simple and accessible to farmers, therefore the offer will be demanded by serious commodity producers;

- the technology and a mean are simple in manufacturing and operation, therefore their working capacity and efficiency are guaranteed;

- protectionist measures from the state, local controls for consumers of domestic innovations will promote also to wide introduction of offered technology in manufacture.