Ecology / 6. Ecological monitoring

Belonogova V.D., Vlasov A.S., Kuritsyn A.V..

State-financed educational organization of high professional education «Perm state pharmaceutical academy», Russian Ministry of public health and social development, Russia

Ecological Monitoring Of Wild-Growing Medicinal Plants In Perm Krai

All-round studying of element structure of medicinal plants and medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM) is of interest not only because of presence of complex of the major chemical elements influencing on various reactions and processes of organism, but also in connection with critical ecological conditions in many region[1, 2].

The Perm krai is one of the most attractive regions of Russia on level of the resource potential including wild-growing medicinal plants.

However, in the Perm krai there are no regular researches of ecological safety and cleanliness of thickets of wild-growing medicinal plants. Therefore researches on studying of ecological safety of MPRM are actual[2].

The maintenance of microelements in a plant depends first of all on soil-ecological conditions and chemical properties of these microelements.

Transition macro- and microelements in medicinal forms is well-known. In the greatest quantity manganese and zinc, in the least – iron are taken in infusions and broths. The average maintenance of heavy metals in water extraction decreases for microelements in a following number: cadmium> zinc> lead> copper> iron[4].

The arrangement of thickets in all surveyed areas is in a zone of anthropogenous influence that increases probability of preparation of raw materials polluted by heavy metals. To the greatest anthropogenous influence there are exposed meadow species such as origan and yarrow, and also ruderal absinthium, to the least influence sylvatic species – a juniper and Labrador tea marsh[2, 3].

Pollution degree of MPRM was detrmined by methodics of State Pharmacopeia XI.

Considering that the raw materials of studied species are used for reception extemporal medical products, definition of microelements in MPRM has practical value.

We had been analysed 22 samples of MPRM collected in Chusovskoy district the most ecologically adverse area of Perm krai where the largest metallurgical industrial complex is located.

Results of definitions are presented in the table

Table

The standard and actual maintenance of heavy metals and arsenic, mg/kg

 

Cadmium

Copper

Arsenic

Lead

1

2

3

4

5

СанПиН 2.3.2.1078-01 (СанПиН 2.3.2.1280-03) for  plant biologically active food supplements

1,0

 

0,5

6,0

СанПиН 42-123-4089-86 for vegetable and fruits

0,03

5,0

0,2

0,5

Achillea millefolium

0,146

8,3

Not found

1,5

Origanum vulgare

0,250

5,8

Not found

6,1

Achillea millefolium

0,040

3,3

Not found

0,74

Ledum palustre

0,179

10,9

0,028

0,99

Achillea millefolium

0,300

6,6

0,048

1,7

Achillea millefolium

0,220

6,0

Not found

1,6

Achillea millefolium

0,240

5,6

Not found

1,2

Origanum vulgare

0,180

4,3

Not found

1,9

Origanum vulgare

0,260

5,6

Not found

1,5

Origanum vulgare

0,310

7,3

Not found

1,4

Origanum vulgare

0,290

8,0

Not found

1,7

Origanum vulgare

0,230

4,0

Not found

1,3

 

Note: «Not found» means that value is below a limit of sensitivity of inspection method.

The analysis has shown all MPRM samples glutted the requirements of СанПиН 2.3.2.1078-01 (СанПиН 2.3.2.1280-03 redaction) of the maintenance of cadmium, arsenic and lead and didn`t meet the requirements of СанПиН 42-123-4089-86 of the maintenance of copper and lead but these indicators in vegetables and fruits are calculated on crude weight and investigations of MPRM suppose using of air-dried raw materials so these terminal acceptable concentrations (TAC) have no objective disposition concerning MPRM. Therefore TAC working out for MPRM out is necessary.

Researches have shown that all studied objects accumulate heavy metals. The received concentration values of heavy metals and arsenic vary depending on a place of growth and species of plant.

As a whole the analysis has shown that all thickets of natural populations of investigated species concern to ecologically safely that allows to conduct preparation of raw materials for needs of pharmaceutical manufacture.

References:

1. Арзамасцев, А.П. Экология и фармация / А.П. Арзамасцев, С.А. Листов // Фармация. – 1990. - № 4. – С. 1 – 4.

2. Белоногова В.Д. Ресурсы, экологическая безопасность и фитохимические исследования дикорастущих лекарственных растений Пермского края : автореф. дис. … д-ра фармац. наук. – Пермь, 2009. – 39 с.

3. Белоногова, В.Д. Запасы, рациональное использование и охрана дикорастущих лекарственных растений Пермского края / В.Д. Белоногова, А.В. Курицын, А.Ю. Турышев; под ред. Г.И. Олешко: Монография. – Пермь: ГОУ ВПО «ПГФА Росздрава», 2008. – 235 с.

4. Гравель, И.В. Содержание тяжелых металлов в сырье некоторых лекарственных растений произрастающих в условиях атмосферного загрязнения (Республика Алтай) / И.В. Гравель, Г.П. Яковлев, Н.В. Петров // Раст. ресурсы. - №3. – 2000. – С. 99 – 105.