Candidate of Historical Sciences Kalybekova M.Ch.

Institute of Magistracy and Doctoral (PhD) of Abay, Kazakhstan

ACCOUNTING OF WORK SETTLERS

Institute of formerly deporting nations, as a manifestation of totalitarianism as a specific socio-political phenomenon who played a sinister role in the lives of people of the Soviet era in the form in which it was formed in the USSR, from the beginning was fraught with massive violation of human rights. First of all, the person he made crime or not, he should be punished. Thereby, initially the state put all members of the deported people to legally flawed position. Secondly, the legal inferiority, insecurity, vulnerability of all evictees was accompanied by new violations of their rights and liberties [1, P.351]. The situation of work settlers was characterized by humiliating procedures of registration, re-registration and notes in the local commandant's offices, organs of the General Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps, Labor settlements and places of detention. The factual basis is private affairs and personal cards. Every step of work settler was monitored; any slight disturbance immediately was punished. The primary accounting of work settlers was vested to the special commandant's office, which in its turn reported about the presence and movement of work settlers to department of accounting and distribution of prisoners, it made in accordance with the directive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of USSR № 68 dated 24^th of March, 1946 and the directives of the General Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps, Labor settlements and places of detention and Interior Ministry OSB of USSR № 9/61020-38/2918 dated 8^th of April 8, 1946 [2]. The maintenance of personal record of work settlers and storage of personal files was assigned to the commandant’s office, but quantitative accounting and reporting to the General Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps, Labor settlements and places of detention was assigned to accounting and distribution of prisoners’ camp.

To the each work settler was got a personal matter, which after their releasing from prison were deposited in the archives, and when work settlers moved to another camp followed with him. Personal files are still stored in the archives of the Interior Ministry and Prosecutor's Office at the former location of the commandant’s office in alphabetical order, regardless of nationality, but personal fails of work settlers, registered in the special commandant’s office of the city, are stored in the Ministry of State Security office, in alphabetical order. In these fails there is information about previous convictions, the cause of death, burial sites and other information on their fate from the moment of arrest till their releasing, or death. Also for each work settler reached the age of 16 was made personal card form number 1, which was conducted the strict accounting of work settlers. Apart of the personal file and cards, was carried the special accounting of work settlers. The accounting was conducted by accounting department, which was situated attached to the 9th department of the Ministry of Public Security Office. The accounting was conducted by two alpha-reference files. The first file reflects the presence of work settlers, the second file the departing of work settlers (outside the region, died, or convicted). Filing, both the first and second, were constructed on a rigorous academic alphabetically. On the special commandant’s office of Ministry of Public Security of Karaganda regions the accounting of work settlers was conducted by family books: the registration of documents for arriving and departing work settlers, and also their deregistration. There was a strict instruction how to fill family book [3]. It consisted of 17 columns: 1^st column- For the head of the family is engaged in two lines, in the first of which is written the serial number and name, the second - first name and patronymic. Then write down all the family members: spouse, children, indicating their age and at last are fixed brothers with their wives and other relatives including in this family. 2^nd column- This column indicates the ratio of the chapter "The heads of the family" - "his wife" - "son" - "daughter" - "father" - "brother," etc.

3d column - After the year of birth should be written the place of birth of head of the family- region, district, village or farm.

If his family members were born in the same region, district, village or farm - to repeat such registration against each member.

For the members, who was born in other places, at least in the same area, district or village, to produce the registration to each such member of family.

4^th column– The sex was stated by abbreviated letters "m" or "f" for each family member.

5^th column- the nationality of each family member is, for example, contingent: the Chechen-Ingush, Kumyks, Avars, Lezgins and others, so in this column should indicate the real nationality of work settlers –such as, Avar and etc.).

6^th column - The former estate of the parents: from kulaks, from workers, from lower middle class, etc.

If the head of the family comes from a peasant - kulaks it is also written.

7^th column– The occupation of the head of the family and all adult members of the family (farmer, an individual farmer, housewife).

8^th column - "A member of the CPSU (B) -" the Candidate of Member of the Komsomol "-" The candidate of the Komsomol "-" w /p "indicates experience.

9^th column– education “Inferior, incomplete secondary, secondary, tertiary, illiterate, uneducated, literate in Arabic”

10^th column – The conviction is registered from the documents of work settlers, indicate the period in which year and clause of conviction.

11^th column - Indicated the residence at the time of resettlement (republic, region, city, district, village and farm), rank of the head of the family and adult family members at the time, such as the chairman of the general store, village council secretary, teacher, counter, plant manager, etc.

12^th column - In this column indicates the specialty: combiner, a mechanic, agronomist, engineer, doctor, etc.

13^th column – The date of first arrival to Kazakhstan is written. On the second line of the same column indicated the date of arrival to the residence in this penitentiary, then put a mark with a pencil, where had come from- (region, district, village or collective farm).

14^th column - This column indicates the residence, time (the name of farm, village, farm, factory, etc.), and occupation, like in 11 column.

15^th column- Ability to work "able to work" - "disability" - "Disabled", etc.

If there were allegations of disability, in such cases it was required the document, and then made the appropriate notations.

This column is completed for persons of 16 years till 55 years for men till 60 years.

16^th column- In this column informed about, deeds, retired, temporarily departing to other destinations. Written like this, "23/08-45y. Run "-“15/07-44y. Died” and etc.

17^th column- Included different operating points.

It should be noted that during the completing of family books were some peculiarities. For example, by instruction, the single work settlers at the age of 16 years and older should be considered as one family.

Children of work settlers younger of the 16 who did not have parents, guardians, and maintained of collective and state farms, enterprises or transferred to Schools of factory training up were accounted by each contingent of work settlers separately, were noted to book at the end of each contingent, also on family grounds, and in the column. "Address and occupation," pointed out, where he currently was living (in which farm or sovkhoz, in which school of factory training or orphanage, etc., the exact address).

After indicated to the book each family had to leave a few blank lines for follow-up notes of new family members (newly brought to light or arrived in the order of connection).

The members of family with other surnames, signed up under that surname, which they had. Identical surnames in the family were not repeated, the distinctly of middle adult and adolescent necessarily indicated.

All column of book was filled with exhaustive answers to all questions, with providence that personal cards and registration form total card account until the age of 16 could be written without delay from the family book in future. Therefore, all children from 7 to 16 years in column 9 of the book were indicted as "student", or in the column 14 - after note of the residence indicated "working on the farm, sovkhoz and so on," for not attending and not working peoples the notes has not been done.

The accounting of exiles, exiles settlers and administratively deported was conducted separately. Accounting was based on the alpha-statistics card index, made in area on the timing and the alphabet, in addition, recorded in the log file and card index on these persons was not in all Ministry of State Security, they were recorded in the logbook, checklists, in addition they had all the exiles duplicates of personal records.

In the second department, except for statistical card index, logbook, were private affairs for all the exiles, the last ones were preserved by numbers.

So, the policy of the totalitarian regime concerned to work settlers, as a whole and on specific forms of its manifestation does not fit in rights and is inconsistent with the public legal criteria. It does not fit into the progressive democratic standards.

References:

1 The people deported to Kazakhstan: Time and Fate. Almaty, "Arys" - "Kazakhstan", 1998. -428 p.

2 Archives of the Committee Office by legal statistics and special accounts in the Karaganda region of RK, archive № Pr.ish.136, D.5409.

3 State Archives of the Karaganda region, F.1482, op.1, 1.