Doctor of Economic
Sciences, professor Turginbayeva A.N.,
MA student Altayeva A.
Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi, Kazakhstan
The current
state of innovative
and project
activities of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Modern economic
recognizes the role of innovation as a key element of economic processes, that determine the development of not only individual
countries, but also the global
economy.
The main role of
providing sustainable development of economy belongs to innovation, innovative
activity, which can provide with continuous updating of
technical and technological base of production, development and production of
new competitive products, the effective penetration of world markets for goods
and services. These
require reforming all spheres of public life, and above all, the economy.
According to the UN,
today Kazakhstan is not even among the top twenty high-tech nations of the
world. Therefore, the development of innovative economy is extremely important
for Kazakhstan [1].
The key to the
formation of new economy in Kazakhstan is major investments in new technologies and creation conditions for a permanent reproduction of knowledge and translate them
into new high-tech products and services,
thus is innovation. Innovative activity means development and implementing innovative projects.
The concept of
"innovation" is used almost universally, it
is the topic of conversation both on domestic and on the
professional level, at the level of heads of states, international
organizations, etc. Innovation
can be understood as the end result of innovation, were embodied in the form of
new or improved product that is embedded in the market, or new, improved
technological process used in practice, a new approach to social problems.
In principle, the
term "innovation" can be interpreted in different ways, it has an
infinite number of statements and definitions. After analyzing many definitions,
we can conclude that "innovation" means or outcome or process. It is,
in fact, diametrically opposed points of view. The first view is held by
Balabanov I.T.,
Vinokourov V.I.,
Ilyenkov S.V., Medyn V.G., Fatkhutdinov R.A.
and others, the second - P. Drucker,
Rumyantsev A.A., Tsvetkov A., J. Schumpeter, etc. As you
can see, the scientists believe that innovation - is a
result are a few more. The same view is indicated in the guidance document - "Oslo
Manual", which was adopted by countries of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [2].
Innovation activity
in Kazakhstan, based on the introduction of new ideas, knowledge, technologies
and products into
different areas of production and public management spheres,
is one of the most important factors in the development of national economy.
Analysis of innovative development of Kazakhstan shows that
innovation plays a big role.
However, it should be noted that innovation in the country is not yet a source
of competitiveness on the world market. Despite the positive experience of a
number of initiatives, a significant breakthrough in the field of innovative economic
development of the country did not happen. Today,
one of the main problems of innovative development in Kazakhstan is unfinished researches,
their alienation from production processes. Ongoing application development do not have
continue in the form of commercialization and deployment
into production [3].
According to the
Statistics Agency of Republic of Kazakhstan, the level of activity in innovation area was 4.3% and 5.7% in 2010 and 2011. The share of innovative
products in 2011 amounted to 0.86% of GDP, expenditure on technological
innovation - less than 1% of GDP (Table 1).
Table 1.
Main Indicators of industrial enterprises' of Kazakhstan Innovational Activity in 2008 - 2011.
|
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
|
Number of respondents, total |
11 172 |
10 096 |
10937 |
10723 |
|
among them:
- with innovation |
447 |
399 |
467 |
614 |
|
Activeness level in
Innovations, % |
4,0 |
4,0 |
4,3 |
5,7 |
|
-
without Innovations |
10 725 |
9 697 |
10470 |
10109 |
|
Passiveness level in
Innovations, % |
96,0 |
96,0 |
95,7 |
94,3 |
|
Number of
Scientific-Reseach, Project-Constructional units |
745 |
688 |
723 |
793 |
|
in which: Listed number of workers, persons |
10 781 |
… |
11191 |
12554 |
|
Source: [4]. |
||||
As can be seen in figures of the table, innovative in industrial companies is in low level. In 2011, 614 business entities of
10723 enterprises in Kazakhstan have the technological innovation, which was conducted participant
observation innovation. According to estimates of the susceptibility of
industrial enterprises to the innovation process, which is characterized by the
share of active enterprises, innovative activity of enterprises of Kazakhstan
in 2011 amounted to 5.7%. In comparison, the share of innovative enterprises in
the U.S. is about 50%, Turkey - 33%, Hungary - 47%, in Estonia - 36%, in
Russia-9, 1%.
In 2011,
the volume of innovative products in Kazakhstan has increased compared with 2010 and amounted to 235,962.7 million tenge. Among the innovative
products of industrial companies the
largest share of innovative products is newly introduced products, or significant
technological changed products -
81%, improved products - 14%, and other innovative products - 5%. The bulk of investment in
innovation projects in 2010 were 93% - in own funds, 3% - foreign
investment, 2%
- the national budget. The main types of innovation
activities of enterprises with completed innovations
are: the introduction of new technologies, equipment and
materials - 54%, science
and research activities - 11%, project and design activities - 5.3%,
participation in scientific and technical programs - 2 9% [3].
Today, JSC "National
Innovation Fund" is financing innovative
projects in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Fund is financing innovative projects, by a non-controlling equity participation. The current stage in 2011 the Foundation is financing nine innovative projects by private direct investment. In particular the project
"Construction of the factory for the production of mineral wool mats and basaltic capacity of 34 000
tonnes per year using
Italian company Gamma Meccanica SpA’s equipment»; the project "Organization
of multiservice wireless data network size of the city", the project
"Provision of communications services (cable TV, phone, Internet) based on
fiber-optic network in the cities. Almaty and Astana. "
However, there was a national competition of innovation projects last year, which purpose was to conduct a
systematic selection of the best experience in creating innovation and
innovation of enterprises and commercialization of domestic technologies and
localization foreign technologies.
Collection of
applications was carried over Kazakhstan and
everyone can take part in -
students, innovators, scientists, companies, universities, research institutes,
etc. Collection of applications for the competition lasted 2.5 months, during this time was
collected 529 nominations. In the diagram we can
see branching orientation of selected innovation projects (Figure 1). Mostt of the selected projects from the scope of industry (18%), transport and
energy (14%), medicine (10%), agriculture and engineering (6%).
Source: [5].
Figure 1 -
Sectoral structure of innovative projects selected by the Republican contest in
2011
The second highest
number of selected projects is in
the transport and energy sphere (14%). For example, in the
transport sector of JSC "Remlokomotiv" (subsidiary of JSC
"NC" Kazakhstan Temir Joly") in partnership with the companies«
ALSTOM Transport »(France), and ZAO" Transmashholding "(Russia) was
adjusted production customized versions family PRIMATM locomotives - electric
KZ4A, KZ6A, KZ8A. Electric locomotives were
designed for railway companies of Kazakhstan and 1520 space (which means the width of railroads is typical mostly for CIS). Organization of new production of electric locomotives will help to update the rolling stock, to increase the number of railway transportations, to
improve the efficiency and safety of using existing infrastructure, as well as the transition to a
more environmentally friendly type of transport. Strong enough projects were presented in the field of
medicine and pharmaceuticals field (10%) [5].
Over the last decade
has been developed and adopted a number of documents setting forth innovative
development. In the country have been created special structures funding innovative projects through
budgetary funds such as
JSC "National Innovation Fund", JSC "Astana Innovations», etc. The first steps in the active state support of venture business in
the Republic of Kazakhstan have been made in 2007 by the decree of the President
of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On further measures to implement the
development strategy of Kazakhstan until
2030." National Innovation Fund of Kazakhstan was created in 2003 to
enhance the innovation activities in Kazakhstan. In order to improve the performance
of small innovative enterprises Kazakhstan has industrial parks such as
«Technopark UniScienTech», LLP "Technopark" Algorithm ",
JSC" Technopark KazNTU named after K.I. Satpayev", LLP “Alatau
IT City Management”,
LLP “Almaty regional industrial
park”, LLP “Regional Technology Park of Astana”, LLP “East
Kazakhstan regional park Altai", LP "Regional Technology Park in South Kazakhstan
region”.
Overall,
Kazakhstan's economy is moving to a new level. Solution to the problems of
effective using scientific and
technological capabilities has a
strategic scale. Innovative processes in Kazakhstan are
being promoted not only by market
mechanisms, but also by a purposeful state policy, the state has a
decisive influence on the formation of a national system of institutions, which is adequated to
the requirements of creating an innovative economy. At the present stage is solved a problem implementation of projects
under the industrial upgrading and diversification
in the Republic. Kazakhstan needs to search new areas of economic development, to
actively develop high-tech industries and to build an effective
national innovation system to improve the country's competitiveness in the
world market.
References:
1. Zhamanguzova Z.K
Innovative economy of Kazakhstan. // www.nkzu.kz
2. Zhdanov O.A. Role of innovation in the
modern economy. //
Economics, Management, Finance: Materials Intern. zaoch. scientific. Conf. -
Perm: Mercury, 2011. - Pp.
38-40.
3. Suleimenov E.
State innovation development in Kazakhstan. Almaty,
2010. // www.elementmag.kz
4. Agency of
Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Science and innovation in Kazakhstan
in 2011. - Astana, 2012. // www.stat.kz
5. Results of the
national contest of innovation projects. // www.innovus.kz