Економічні науки/16. Макроекономіка
Slobodyanyuk S.V, scientific adviser -
Voinarovska N.V.
Vinnytsia Institute of Trade
and Economics
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Ukraine
THE
WAYS OF INCREASE OF COMPETITIVENESS
OF
UKRAINIAN ECONOMY
The most
important task of the majority of countries is creation or increase of the level
of competitiveness of the nation economy as the basic for
acceleration of country’s development.
Competitiveness is an important factor
for the development of our country too, while it characterizes the level of the
society and increase of competition that improves the living standards for
citizens.
Relevance of market competitiveness
is predetermined by a lot of problems in Ukrainian economy, which amplified by the
economic crisis. One of the most serious problems is the low competitiveness
of national products.
The questions of market competitiveness
have been analyzed in works by M.Porter, Dg.Sux, M.Fridmen, Dg.Kans, I.Marshal,
O.Amosha, M.Butko and others.
The goal of this article is to research the level
of competitiveness of Ukrainian economy and to define
the main stages of its huge potential.
Competitiveness of the country is an ability of it to amount and support
high temps of economic increase that expressed in steady GDP growth per capita [1].
Level of development of any country is competitiveness index in correlation
with other countries because it means that they have more chances for economic development,
so competitiveness and economic increase are interconnected concepts.
Basic core in definition of economics’ competitiveness
in modern condition is direct connection with capacity of the national economy.
That’s why for providing competitiveness any country needs to create conditions
for fast and stable development of productivity of labour.
Competitiveness of national economic can be achieved by
expense of country’s national resources and by development of new knowledge and
technology. Nowadays, Ukraine uses the first way exporting Ukrainian products,
where the biggest part of it belongs to metal, mineral resources and herbal
products.
Modern economic situation of Ukraine is characterized
by inefficient using of its economic potential.
The main index, which could characterize economic potential and level of
competitiveness in quantitative expression, is the level of the GDP, which is
lower then in other countries. It is in 12,2 times lower then in Luxemburg, 7
times the then in USA and 2,2 times the then in Russia. In general in
facts of IMF in 2010 Ukraine was on the 102 place among
183 countries in the level in the real GDP [4].
The national economic of Ukraine has low
technical and technological level, characterized by a significant deterioration of fixed assets, lack or low level of innovation.
For the development of Ukrainian production many energy and raw materials are used, and it has a
huge coast, the economy has old fixed assets and technology, and the fact that all
are done to reduce the market competitiveness.
The leading international organizations, which define
the level of market competitiveness, are World Economic
Forum and The International Institute for Management Development (IMD). This
level could be determined by different methodises.
According to report of “Global inspection competitiveness 2011-2012”, Ukraine took place number 89 among 142
world countries in GIC and it is near African’s countries. Ukraine has the
lowest place by “State and social organization” and “Effectiveness of commodity”
and the highest place by the rate of it. The innovation processes haven’t
acquired sufficient scale and doesn’t have influence on economic development [3].
The market competitiveness
in Ukraine is law, but the country has a huge potential.
One of the
most important parts of market competitiveness in Ukraine is the biggest human’s capital. It is characterized by the huge
professional quality and high education which is the important factor of our country, because it can guarantee success in modern world economy.
To achieve the level of competitiveness of Ukrainian economy
it is necessary to make changes to the legislation, to encourage technological
modernization of production and innovation, including the Tax Code of Ukraine by
introducing innovative benefits that in the future would allow the state to raise the economic
level of our country.
In future it is needed to increase the budget
financing of science at least twice more to achieve European Standards – 1% GDP at the expense of
budget [5].
The main perspectives for future competitiveness of Ukraine in real sector is providing reforms of higher
education, increasing financing of scientific inventions for energy and resource technology by budget of
all levels, founding of
techno parks and clusters, fastering developing the venture capital companies [2].
The results of the analysis show that Ukraine has a high
potential, but the competitiveness
economy in Ukraine is low, the economy needs complex structure reconstruction,
which includes innovation development of high technology branches of economy,
to minimize part of raw material in all GDP. For increase of competitiveness of Ukrainian
economy it is necessary to work out the strategy.
References:
1.
Конкурентоспроможність економіки України в умовах
глобалізації / За ред. Я.А. Жаліла. – К.: НІС, 2005., с. 13.
2.
Пугачевська К.Й. Сучасні
тенденції та стан конкурентного середовища в економіці України // Інноваційна
економіка. – 2011. - № 22. - с.95-98.
3.
http://www.me.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=173714&cat_id=
173713. - Аналіз рейтингу конкурентоспроможності України та
ряду інших країн.
4.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/data/changes.htm. - Data refer to the year 2010. World Economic
Outlook Database-September 2011.
5.
http://ena.lp.edu.ua:8080/bitstream/ntb/13075/1/53_Vaskovich_116-118_69.pdf.
- Васькович М.І., Дорошкевич К.О. Проблеми фінансування інноваційного розвитку
України та шляхи його покращення.