Òåõíè÷åñêèå íàóêè/3. Îòðàñëåâîå ìàøèíîñòðîåíèå
candidate’s degree Technical sciences Gulnara Nurpeissova
Kazakh scientific research institute of mechanization and
electrification agriculture (“KazSRIMEA”), Kazakhstan
Development of a wind energy resource’s
electronic map for Kazakhstan
The
nonconventional power engineering is the most perspective direction for the effective
progress of Kazakhstan’s agriculture. Cause of it is increase of energy needs
and remoteness of the agroformations’ majority from the centralized energy sources.
So there is the practical interest in monitoring climatic data at territory of republic
and estimation of energy resource in various sources for definition of renewed
sources’ effective kinds for each district.
There
are sufficient preconditions for successful application of wind energy in
Kazakhstan. For a wind power resources’ estimation and substantiation of wind
plants’ (WP) designing and circuits accommodation according to the prospecting
works’ methodical instructions the climatic factors are classified on three
groups: general climatic characteristics, specialized climatic characteristics
and characteristics for WP designs’ calculation for durability and stability. It
is necessary to use general climatic characteristics and specialized climatic
characteristics for drawing of a wind energy resource’s electronic map. At
first there are average wind’s monthly and annual speed, amplitude of a daily
course of wind’s average speed, distribution of wind’s speed by gradation, vertical
structure of wind’s average speed (change by height), air density, amendment to
wind’s speed on an district’s exposition. Second – prevailing wind’s direction,
vertical structure of the wind’s maximal speed, integrated repeatability and
continuous duration of a working speeds’ range and wind calmness, repeatability
of storm wind.
For
creation of wind energy resource’s electronic map on the basis of 122 Kazakhstan’s
meteorological stations’ data, that have been received in 1966 to 1980, the
database of the climatic characteristics by consideration of openness and height
factors was created. This database contains the data about average wind speed’s
monthly and annual, air temperature and atmospheric pressure. On the basis of
Pomorcev’s, Gullen’s and Grinevich’s researches the mathematical dependences
were revealed, which ones allow to find theoretical wind’s repeatability. To
estimate wind speed gradations repeatability’s conformity to Pomorcev’s and
Gullen’s distributions the annual average wind speed’s values data on 22 meteorological
stations grouped.
The
distributions’ diagrams, which are based on the data of points (stations) with annual
average wind speed about 4 m/s, for Kazakhstan’s most typical climatic conditions
are given on picture 1.
The
conformity of various wind speed’s repeatability distribution to the Gullen’s
and Pomorcev’s distribution laws was estimated by Pirson’s criterion of
conformity on all speed’s ranges and on all ranges of working wind speed. By
estimation results for various wind speed’s repeatability distribution on
territory of Kazakhstan the Gullen’s distribution law is accepted.
The
program for definition of settlementrated wind speed, design capacity, monthly
production by basic WP with wind wheel’s diameter 1 ì, wind operating ratio 0,4, wind engine’s
mechanical efficiency 0,8 for working wind speed from 2,5 ì/s is created by consideration of all reduction
factors and various wind speed’s repeatability distribution law. The program
can be used for calculation of WP’s parameters with other values.
The
received data are processed by the geometrical analysis method - Delaunnay’s triangulation
- in MatLab program environment. The electronic maps for definition of rated
wind speed and WP’s specific desing capacity for 1 m2 of the wind
wheel’s area at height 10 m are given in pictures 2 and 3.
By
consideration of repeatability of wind speed gradations, specific year production’s
design values, were determined for wind wheel’s area 1 m2. The maps
of specific year production’s distribution for territory of Kazakhstan at
various heights are received. In picture 4 the electronic map for definition of
a six-meter mast WP’s specific year production is given.
Picture 1 -
Distribution of wind speed gradations
for areas with annual
average wind speed about 4 m/s
