Azhmakan Zhamalov,Murat Kunelbayev,Umerkul Parmanbekov,
Laura Baikadamova
Kazakh State women pedagogical
university
The energetically
balance a solar collectors
In the Republic of
Kazakhstan
For calculation energetically balance solar system necessary, to have
facts, charactering intensive directions and drive a way solar radiation a fall
in transparent surface wireless.
The solar radiation intensive in surface wireless a change in broad
limit in dependence by height stand solar and corner a fall solar rays,
transparent atmosphere, moisture air.
By cloudy, if she is not unbroken, a chafe, solar system bleak out,
when a wall only drive away, then rays, then she is not a fall solar radiation
all rays.
Such periodical weaken one can examine, as regular but reduce proportional cloudy and general quantity
radiation, a faller and adsorbing grasp rays fully system a time to be:
(1)
when
n- cloudy, ,
coefficient absorbing falling surface (
,
water steams;
air;
reflect earth surface;
straight solar radiations;
rays earth surface;
radiations;
solar radiation cloudy sky;
atmosphere rays in direct earth surface ;
:
The
earth rays one can a count enough bleak and calculation in formula:
when – temperature surrounding air. The average meaning intensive drive
radiations, if neglect dependence from after factors, but highly solar:
(2)
The intensive driving radiations sky ling
cloud dependence from sky ling characters.
By calculate must be to use experimental facts also approach facts
(3)
The Angstrom formulas for integral
atmosphere rays in direct earth
surface
(4)
By Burger formula she intensive straight
solar radiations, when P-coefficient atmosphere for Republic of Kazakhstan must
be take 0,75
(5)
The atmosphere mass must be calculating in
famous formulas:
m=
When
j-refraction, H-pressure and temperature. If a put in earth a
level H=
=760 mm mercury.
Q=
1,9 kkal/
(6)
If
surface, a grasp solar radiation, the arrange perpendicular f direction solar
rays, determine:
(7)
when cosines corner rays and normal
surface.
K - Coefficient transparent rays.
Cconcern a coefficient transparent rays.
The meaning highly a solar stony for only latitude, time earth, days and
oriental surface must de find in formula:
When - geographical latitude, grad;
Solar declension, grad;
– Time corner, grad.
A quantity solar declension in 21 numbers every month the Republic
Kazakhstan the result in table 1.
Table 1.
Month |
|
Month |
|
Month |
|
January February Month April |
-19051 -10038 -0009 +11047 |
May June July August |
+20009 +23027 +20032 +12012 |
September October November December |
+0048 -10038 -19053 -23027 |
By average meaning P= 0,33 and =300 K calculate to use (1.7)
meaning E horizontal surface for summer and autumn condition. The meaning
for summer and autumn condition
for Republic Kazakhstan the Table 2.
Table 2.
Solar highly |
1 |
3 |
5 |
10 |
20 |
30 |
60 |
90 |
|
Summer |
|
54,5 |
148 |
226 |
372 |
550 |
654 |
786 |
815 |
|
0,95 |
7,7 |
419,7 |
64,5 |
188 |
326 |
681 |
815 |
|
Autumn |
|
57,3 |
158 |
243 |
398 |
588 |
699 |
840 |
870 |
|
1,00 |
8,2 |
521,2 |
69,0 |
201 |
349 |
726 |
870 |
When – unlined solar rays;
– Horizontal solar rays.
As see with
table, by big height solar intensive rays net enough depend by solar highly
when as by net enough solar highly a small change solar highly a company very
great reduce solar rays.
Literature
1. Æàìàëîâ À.Æ.
Ãåëèîýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé ïîòåíöèàë ÐÊ è ìåòîäû å¸ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ. Àëìàòû. 2010ã.