Kotlyar O.I.,Usachev V.A.

Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade Named after Mikhailo Tugan-Baranovsky

Falsification of articles of food

Formation of market relations has as positive sides - market saturation by the various goods and services, and negative - a deceit, a weather-cloth, обсчет, sale of poor-quality and forged production. In general falsification is a fake, change (usually with a mercenary motive) a kind or property of subjects. Protection of consumers against falsification provide a number of the state documents. At the same time, acceptance of these acts frequently doesn't reduce a deceit of the buyers who are carried out in the markets of Ukraine. Ways of realization of the poor-quality goods there is a great variety. Distinguish following kinds of falsification of articles of food: assortment (specific); qualitative; information; quantitative; cost; complex. At assortment falsifications the fake is carried out by full by its substitutes of other grade, a kind or the name with preservation of similarity of one or several signs. Depending on used means of falsification, similarity of properties of a substitute and a forged product distinguish next ways of falsification: regrading; replacement of a high-quality product with low-quality, a substitute, having similar signs; substitution of a natural product by the simulator. To assortment falsifications carry regrading of the goods. It is one of the most widespread versions assortment falsifications. Regrading - the actions directed on a deceit of the addressee and the consumer by replacement of the goods of the premiums by lowest. For example: replacement of a flour of the premium by the first; replacement of eggs of 1 category by eggs of 2 categories; premium meat on 1 grade, etc. Qualitative falsification - a fake of the original goods by means of any food or not food additives or infringements of compounding’s for change of quality indicators of organoleptic and other properties of products. As objects of the given kind of falsification foodstuff with various additives or the broken compounding’s serves. Depending on used means of falsification, degree of introduction of a substitute and infringement of prescription structure of a forged product distinguish next ways of falsification: water addition; introduction of cheaper components at the expense of more expensive; partial replacement of a natural product with the simulator; addition or full replacement of a product with alien additives; introduction of various food additives; partial or full replacement of a product with a food waste; introduction of preservatives, antioxidants and antibiotics without their instructions on goods marks. The increase in weight of chocolate at the expense of water on 8-10% is result of addition of water, lecithin, phosphatide or phosphatide concentrates in chocolate products or glaze. Quantitative falsification is a deceit of the consumer at the expense of considerable deviations of parameters of the goods (weight, volume, length), from maximum permissible norms of deviations. Now in standards deviations in this or that party any more aren't specified. Maximum deviations towards reduction of a quantity indicator of the goods are regulated only. This kind falsification is carried out at a manufacture stage - at packing of the goods, pouring of drinks or at trading enterprises, a mass food at holiday to the consumer. Cost falsification - a deceit of the consumer by realization of the bad quality goods at the prices high-quality or the goods with smaller quantitative characteristics at the price of the goods with the big quantity indicators. This kind of falsification is the most widespread as combines in itself and its other kinds (assortment, quantitative, etc.). Moreover, cost falsification also is an overall objective of a mercenary deceit of consumers as allows to receive the illegal income by illegal increase of cost of the goods. Information falsification - a deceit of the consumer by means of the inexact or deformed (false) information on structure and properties of the goods. The given kind of falsification is carried out by information distortion in commodity-accompanying documents, the certificate, marks and advertising. Other kinds of falsification are in most cases supplemented also with information falsification about structure and properties of the goods. Otherwise falsification easily comes to light. The deformed or inexact information on structure and properties of the goods forms the basis to consider a fake of a natural product the forged goods. So, albuminous caviar if on marks or in commodity-accompanying documents, or on the price list the name "Caviar black" is underlined concerns the forged product. If the correct name of the given product - "Aluminous caviar" charge in falsification acts in film everywhere is written. At information falsification of the goods are deformed or specified it is inexact the following data: the name of the goods and its logo, goods country of origin, firm-manufacturer of the goods and its mailing address, quantity of the goods, structure of a product, a condition and periods of storage. It is not underlined more often or the goods country of origin is underlined incorrectly, and also the code is forged shaped. Are most often forged also commodity and the logos of the manufacturers actively advertising production and already having deserved high reputation at the consumer thanks to excellent quality of production. Protection of the rights of the consumer against poor-quality and forged products is fixed in numerous state documents: Constitutions of Ukraine, the Code of Ukraine about administrative offenses, Criminal, Civil codes of Ukraine, the Law "About protection of the rights of consumers" and other certificates. At the same time, acceptance of these acts doesn't reduce a deceit of the buyers who are carried out in the markets of Ukraine. Therefore, not to become "victim" of a fake it is necessary to know some rules. Buying the goods in the market necessarily demand corresponding documents on the given kind of the goods. Getting something in shop always attentively study a label on a product on which the manufacturer, its address, contact phones the big legible font without grammatical errors should be specified. Try to buy products with the minimum quantity of food additives. So you keep the health and your relatives.