Perfection of an
innovative orientation of an industrial policy in sphere of agriculture of
Kazakhstan
Kamysbaev M. K.
The Kazakh national agrarian university
Of Almaty, Kazakhstan
In modern conditions, at a general
recognition of value and paramount a grain husbandry in the agrarian and
industrial complex economy, many questions of its development do not find due
state support and regulation. During an agrarian reform occurs институциональная and structural reorganization of
manufacture, processing, sale of grain and grain of products [1].
Disintegration of the centralized system of resource maintenance and deliveries
of agricultural production, raw materials and the foodstuffs, imbalance of
distributive market mechanisms and an infrastructure have led to a
disproportion in development of the food market, naturalization of economic
relations, to redistribution of a considerable share of profit in favors of
trading-intermediary structures.
Stable
functioning of agro food sector is one of components of economic growth. Now in
agro industrial sector there were the following basic problems interfering its
active development: limitation of financial assets, high percent on credits,
considerable technical degradation, a competition to the foreign enterprises,
high tariffs for production transportation, poorly developed infrastructure has
sat down, absence of effective system of insurance, etc.
In
particular, problems of formation and development of the market of grain and
grain products demand the
decision at qualitatively new level, scientific generalization and judgments
from positions of maintenance of food safety of the country. The level of
development of manufacture of grain and grain products is one of the major
characteristics of economic independence and well-being of the country. Taking
into account potential possibilities grain of a grocery sub complex of agrarian
and industrial complex in the conditions of globalization, export of grain and
products of its processing is considered as one of priority directions of
foreign trade activities of Kazakhstan. At the same time it is necessary to
reconsider radically methods and mechanisms of an industrial policy in agrarian
sector of economy of Republic Kazakhstan. The given question has a special
urgency on the threshold of the introduction of Kazakhstan into the WTO.
The agriculture should be considered not only as the
branch providing the country by a foodstuff and the industry by raw materials.
Its strategic role as basic customer and the consumer of an industrial output
forming, finally, profit in various branches of an economic complex is not less
significant. Thus at the enterprises working on village, as a rule, level of
profitability it is considerable above, than in agriculture. At a steady
condition of economy one peasant provides with work seven-eight working other
branches and the salary of much higher, than in agriculture. A high level of
development of an agricultural production, its solvency, possibility and
necessity to get and absorb material resources (technics, spare parts,
chemicalixation means, power resources etc.), being production of tens
branches, defines a sustainable development of all economic complex.
Considering the given problem at level of the economic
analysis, it is necessary to underline: the country ignoring development of own
agriculture and making of not enough foodstuffs, gets to tactical dependence on
other states.
That is why the attention to agriculture development
is considered as the obligatory requirement, even for those states which head
the world community. The majority of the countries officially consider an
agrarian policy as priority, strategic.
The industrial policy of the state as a part of the
general economic policy is one of most widely discussed and, simultaneously,
one of the most disputable concepts in the economic literature.
In the general view the industrial policy can be
defined as a complex of actions of the state directed on creation of more
favorable conditions for development of certain (priority) sectors and
manufactures. Equivalent also definition of an industrial policy as
discrimination by the state of one sectors in comparison with others in essence
is. Both in that and in other case it is a question of creation of unequal
conditions of functioning.
The dominating economic theory most obviously embodied
in concepts of the international financial organisations (IMF, IBRD), usually
considers the industrial policy as wrongful intervention of the state in the
economy, deforming action of market mechanisms and interfering effective
(optimum) distribution of resources [2]. According to these sights, the state not in a
condition to define true points of growth, therefore any priorities of the
state in terms of sectors and branches there will be messages to decrease in
the general economic efficiency.
The question on necessity of an active industrial
policy in Kazakhstan in modern conditions demands the analysis as developed
structure of economy and competitiveness of its separate sectors, and
estimation of the generated tendencies and mechanisms of reproduction which
define long-term prospects of the development, existing threats to steady
economic growth.
One of prominent features of a technical policy at the
present stage is its innovative orientation.
The transition problem to innovative type of
development has two aspects. One of them can be named by global. Regular both
purposeful generation and mastering of innovations, including realisation of
achievements of technical progress, grows out of a certain level of development
of a social production, a society as a whole. Difficult and long process of
reforming of all spheres of ability to live of a society is necessary for the
decision of this problem.
It is obvious, that transition to innovative type of
development assumes hard, sometimes painful changes in all these spheres which
are connected with change of the purposes, vital principles, motivations, i.e.
development of vital strategy adequate to new requirements.
The brightest display of innovative type of
development is technical progress. The modern society is inseparable from techniques
which is the major condition of its existence, functioning and developments.
Today the techniques supervises all ways conducting in this world and from this
world. It is no wonder therefore, that at the person the impression as if all
new in a society appears in a kind of techniques or together with it is made.
Aspiration
to solve arising problems by creation of more effective and refined techniques
- one of the most widespread approaches in the modern world. Thus new problems
constantly become complicated, toughening requirements to quality and
possibilities of created techniques because of what the future of a human
society can all in the big degree is determined by purely technical problems. In such world where for the decision of each problem
there should be a car, ever less a place remains to the person for its forces,
the will and creative activity lose vital space. Thereupon there is a necessity
of purposeful influence on innovative process when for the future consistently
and in details prepare, cautiously "implanting" innovations in a
social fabric, planning not only success, but also consequences of reaction of
"tearing away". And first of all it should concern activity on
search, preparation, realisation and distribution of technical innovations.
Regular and purposeful realization of such process
also should make the maintenance of a technical policy. Today it is rather new
sphere of administrative activity. Taking into account a techniques role
importance of management will constantly increase in foreseeable prospect. From
perfection and efficiency of that toolkit with which help the technical policy
will be carried out, possibilities of the future society and character of
problems rising before it in many respects depend.
Comprehension of close interrelation between technical
and innovative politicians and understanding of their major role at transition
to innovative type of development puts a problem of creation of the national
innovative system including all necessary organizational, legal, resource and
other necessary components for support and development of full-scale innovative
activity at all levels of a social production in all growth.
The literature
1. Abdildina L.I., Belgibaev K.M.//the Rural
economics. - Almaty: Кайнар, 1996. - 416 with.
2. Танци V.Rol of the state
in economy: concept evolution//Economic and the international relations. -
1998. - № 10. - C. 51-62.
The resume
In article
questions of perfection of an innovative orientation of an industrial policy in
agriculture sphere are considered. The interrelation between a technical and
innovative policy is proved.