Bases
of formation of innovative system
Agrarian
sphere of economy
Erkimbekyli Rauan
The Kazakh national
agrarian university
Of Almaty, Kazakhstan
The "innovation" word means "revival",
"updating" or «a new way». With reference to economy this concept is
defined as result of the activity which has received an embodiment in the new
or advanced goods, the technological process, used in practical activities, or
in new approaches to a problem of development of social services.
Innovative processes extend on a new kind of production or services, a
way of their manufacture, an innovation in financial, research and other fields
of activity of the person.
Innovative development is first of all a chain of the realised
innovations. It is more successful, when covers not one narrow area, and
includes also the spheres influencing the general result (management,
marketing, personnel training, the finance, sale etc.) Hence, innovative
development has complex character [1].
Research shows, that the concept "innovation" has no uniform
theoretical substantiation. It proves to be true that in the literature on
problems of innovative activity the set of related concepts is used:
innovations, an innovation, innovative process, an innovative cycle, innovation
life cycle, innovative activity, the innovative environment. Thus the same term
is treated differently, and some of terms are identified, and at the same time
the sharp side between them is drawn. Aforesaid testifies to necessity of
specification of the conceptual device used in the theory of innovations.
There is a problem of an estimation of scientific and technical level of
innovations, their efficiency. Innovations are classified in following
directions: prevalence in a production cycle, continuity, innovative potential,
etc.
Depending on an innovation field of activity share on: technological,
technical, industrial, economic, social, administrative.
Innovative activity is expressed in the interconnected and effective
activity on finishing of scientific and technical ideas, inventions, workings
out to result, suitable to practical use. Innovative activity represents the
whole complex of scientific, technological, organizational, financial and
commercial actions.
The concept «innovative activity» is closely connected with concept
«innovative potential» which is understood as set personnel, material,
information and the financial resources served by the corresponding
infrastructure, intended for realization of innovations. The innovative
potential of any economic subject depends on specificity and scales of its
activity, and level of its development defines real innovative possibilities of
the enterprise.
Innovative management is a set of principles, methods and organizational
forms of management of the innovative processes occupied with this activity by
structural divisions and their personnel.
Occurrence as independent discipline of innovative management testifies
to a recognition of the exclusive importance of this kind of activity, and with
another - intensifies search of the directions improving methodology and a
technique of management by scientific and technical process. Thereby innovative
management represents the management having for an object practical realisation
of priority directions of scientific and technical and industrial activity,
proceeding from enterprise or organization priorities.
In the conditions of globalization economy development is based on use
of high technologies, growth of the non-material investments, new
information-communication requirements.
On a dale of the technologies occupied in sphere the Republic Kazakhstan
concedes in the general structure (0,3 %) to Central European level (3,6 %); on
a dale of internal expenses for research and workings out to gross national
product (0,26 %), the USA - 2,84, France - 2,18 %, Russia - 1,16 %.
The analysis of the received information allows to allocate four types
of models of the economic strategy, forms of adaptation of the agricultural
enterprises adequate to them.
Model the first (active market strategy), including introduction of high
technologies, profitability of manufacture not less than 40 %.
Model the second (traditional economic strategy), assuming the
specialization, the organized sale of production and its processing,
profitability not below 11 %.
The model the third (inadequate economic strategy) is characterized by
weak innovative activity, agricultural machinery and other equipment are got on
credit, creditor debts exceeds debtors in 15 and more times.
The model the fourth (is passive-waiting economic strategy) is
characterized by absence of innovations, compulsory diversification
manufactures.
Thus, state-private support fundamental and applied science with
orientation to introduction of scientific workings out in agricultural
producers should become the main priority of a scientific and technical and
innovative policy in agrarian and industrial complex.
The ultimate goal of an agrarian science is an increase of efficiency of
agriculture. Radical difference of new requirements to an agrarian science that
it should provide agricultural commodity producers with complete workings out not to
recommend, and to guarantee result at their author's support. In modern
economic conditions it is necessary to reconsider a role of the academic,
branch and high school science.
In a subject and application sphere in agrarian and industrial complex
it is offered to allocate four types of innovations: selection-genetic; technique-technological
both industrial; organizational-administrative and economic; socially-ecological
(table 1).
Innovative processes in agriculture have the specificity, along with
industrial means of production the vegetative and animal potential is actively
involved in production.
Table 1 - Classification of innovations in agriculture
|
Selection-genetic |
Technique-technological and industrial |
Organizational-administrative and economic |
Socially-ecological |
|
New grades and hybrids of the
agricultural plants, new breeds, types of animals and cross-countries of a
bird. Creation of plants and the animals
steady against illnesses and wreckers, adverse factors of environment |
Technologies of cultivation of
agricultural crops, industrial technologies in animal industries. The scientifically-proved systems
of agriculture and animal industries. Fertilizers and their systems Protection frames of plants Biological and ecological
agriculture Resurce-saving up
"know-how" and the storages of foodstuff directed on increase of
consumer value of a foodstuff |
Development of cooperation and
formation of the integrated structures Forms of maintenance service and
maintenance with resources Forms of the organization and
motivation of work and management. Marketing of innovations. Creation is innovative - advisory systems
in sphere of scientific and technical and innovative activity. Concepts, methods of development
of decisions. Forms and
mechanisms of innovative development |
Formation of system of shots of
scientific and technical maintenance of agrarian and industrial complex. Improvement of working conditions,
the decision of problems of public health services, formation and culture of
workers of village. Improvement and improvement of
quality of environment. Maintenance of favorable
ecological conditions for a life, work and population rest |
|
The note - It is made by the
author according to scientific research |
|||
Innovative development of agro industrial manufacture influence: the
negative factors constraining innovative development and positive, promoting
acceleration of innovative processes.
It is necessary to carry a withdrawal to the positive from
administration managerial control by economy; variety of forms of managing;
scientifically-educational and industrial potential, the capacious food market;
use of technologies in agriculture; negative consequences - easing of
scientific potential, a heavy financial position of the agricultural commodity
producers, insufficient state support, low level of a payment, deficiency of
qualified personnel.
In the conditions of prevalence of small forms of agrarian manufacture
it is difficult to speak about practical application of the modern technologies
calculated in basic for the large enterprise structures on village. To same the
agricultural enterprises focused on production for deliveries in industrial
centres of the country, are deprived such possibility owing to a number of
objective circumstances and are in difficult an economic situation.
Features of innovative activity in agriculture depend on fields of
activity: economy, the organization and management; plant growing, animal
industries; mechanization and the automation processing branches.
Strategy of innovative development of agrarian and industrial complex,
its main objectives and the mechanism of support of innovative programs and
projects are defined as a rule on the basis of the generated innovative policy
of the state which main task there is a mobilization of possibilities of
scientific and technical potential for technical and technological updating of
domestic agro industrial manufacture [2].
The state support fundamental and applied science should become a
priority. For this purpose accurate definition is necessary - what directions
of applied science should be supported in modern conditions with orientation to
obligatory realization of their results in a final commodity product.
Thus realization of the state innovative policy should consist in
agrarian and industrial complex in:
- The vigorous activity of an agrarian science on carrying out
fundamental and applied researches;
- Is standard-legal maintenance of
innovative activity, protection of objects of intellectual property and their
introduction in economic circulation.
- Development of an infrastructure
of innovative process of system of certification and advancement of scientific
and technical workings out, preparations and retraining of personnel;
- The state support of rural
commodity producers for the purpose of formation of their solvency and
possibility of realization of innovative activity;
- Perfection of competitive system
of examination and selection of innovative projects and programs for the
purpose of their realization in agro industrial manufacture;
- Formation of the economic
mechanism of management and stimulation of innovative processes in agrarian and
industrial complex at all levels;
- Reforming of the property and
business development in innovative sphere;
- A professional training for
subjects of innovative activity;
- Development of the international
cooperation at the organization of innovative activity in agrarian and
industrial complex.
The literature
1. The Kazakhstan model of
social and economic development: scientific bases of construction and
realization / under the editorship of Kenzheguzina Ì - Almaty: ÈÝ ÌÎÍ ÐÊ, 2005. - 368ñ.
2. OmarbakievL.A.formation of
innovative potential of the enterprise: the resource approach//al-pari. -
2006.³1 (45). S.81-83
The resume
In article
theoretic-methodological bases of formation of innovative system of agrarian
sphere of economy are considered. Features
of innovative activity in agriculture are analysed.