Saginbekova Aigerim

Academical Innovation University, Кazakhstan

Linguistic characteristics of the concept "Love"

This paper is devoted to the study of linguistic-cultural concept "Love", covering a variety of psycho-emotional state of a person as a representative of a separate nation, embodied in the English, Russian and Kazakh language systems.

The relevance of the research is determined by the lack of study of existing research approaches to the description of linguacultural concept “Love” in the English, Russian and Kazakh languages. At the present stage of development of modern linguistics there is a great need of detailed, integrated and comparative study of this concept in several languages.

None of the manifestations of the human psyche attract so much attention as love. Love - "the most natural passion for human being" (Pascal), the "miracle of civilization" (Stendhal), it, along with hunger and ambition rules the world.

The concept "Love" - is the core of the national and individual consciousness, the oldest "keyword" of human culture, which entered popular understanding of love and its importance in relation to the human being, the human mind trying to find the force that controls the world order and human behavior.

V.A. Lukov offers the following description of love as one of the most important constants of world culture: "Love is close to the friendship, but differs from it. Its antonyms - hatred (the wider aspect) and jealousy (in relation to a loved one). In human relationships love is usually associated with sex, but it can be "love from afar" (first described by J. Ryudelem, XII cent.) or unrequited love (as in "The Sorrows of Young Werther," Goethe), and it is possible to oppose love to spiritual closeness as opposed to animal lust or proximity for money. Love formed in the process of "crystallization" of feeling. A special case - the love of self ("I" stands as an object for itself, "I"). This kind of love can be perceived as positive ("vanity") and negative ("selfishness") value "[1].

In recent decades, the concept of "Love" was analyzed in the following areas: this concept was considered through the prism of national mentality as a Russian cultural dominance, which has a special linguistic and culturalogical value [Kolesov V.V], was researched the ways of adequate interpretation of love with the help of meta-language [Wierzbicki A. "The interpretation of emotional concepts"]; was investigated linguaculturological specificity of the concept of "love" in Russian and German [Wilms L.] was described ethnosemantical aspects of concepts "Love," "Happiness" in Russian and English [Vorkachev SG].

Concepts can be classified according to their topics. They form emotional (concepts such as joy, fear, surprise, love, contempt), educational (school, evaluation), intellectual (mind, thought, understanding) and others. It can be stood out such concepts which operate in one or another discourse: pedagogical, religious, political.

The subject of our study - the concept of "Love" belonging to the sphere of emotional activity of man.

Social, cultural, spiritual and ethical concepts are of particular interest for the analysis, since they provide the most interesting material for understanding the linguistic world picture of the given national mentality.

In the last decade interest has considerably increased to the study of emotions by different fields of science. Everyone at the level of everyday consciousness realizes what we have in mind talking about emotions. But the scientific definition of emotions is not still given, because emotions are rather vague multifaceted phenomenon with multiple functions.

Taking into account their communicative function we can offer the following definition of emotion "as a specific form of the human relation to reality and its linguistic expression (interpretation)" [2].

N. Krasavsky gives the following definition of an emotional concept, "ethnically, culturally conditioned, complex structural and semantic, lexical and / or phraseologically verbalized formation, based on a conceptual basis, which includes in addition to the concept, image and evaluation. It can functionally replace a number of same ordered set of objects (in the broadest sense) in the process of person’s reflection and communication that causes a biased attitude of man towards them. The emotional concept has symbolic decor. Ways to semiotic explication can be verbal (i.e. expressed in terms of language) and nonverbal (i.e. expressed by other techniques, such as gesture, drawing, etc.) "[3, p.80].

The concept of "Love" is worth studying as one of the most fundamental cultural concepts.

Surprisingly capacious and many-valued concept of "Love" is the most mysterious area of human relations. Linguistics as a socially significant scientific discipline hasn’t remained aloof from the multidimensionality of the research process, including in the list of research objects the concept of “love”. This human value has attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign linguists. The most common are studies of this phenomenon in the linguistic and cultural, psycholinguistic, and cognitive areas.

Studies of the phenomenon of "Love" by foreign scientists have largely philosophical and ethical character, and, in contrast to the language itself, they are reduced to the identification, classification and consideration of various types and forms of love.

The concept of "Love" is multifaceted, and it is quite legitimate to consider it from different perspectives. As a result of research conducted by the authors of scientific papers, it has been received new knowledge about the phenomenon of love, the essence of which lies in the fact that love, introducing a universal human value, and occupying a special place among linguacultural concepts, has its own linguistic expression specific for different ethnic cultures in the presence of basic feature commonality. Ethnic and cultural differences / similarities of the phenomenon, including gender, indicate the presence in it of peculiar connotative and associative attributes, which are based on mental imagery inherent in a particular cultural society.

Love - one of the most important components of spiritual culture, one of the key concepts of the common language picture of the world. Despite the large number of philosophical and ethical works, which describe the feeling of love, there is no one true definition of the phenomenon of human life.

L.E. Kuznetsova based on an analysis of representations of love in the ethical and psychological research creates a semantic model of this concept. Love - is first of all deep, usually an irrational feeling, experienced by man, and directed at another person, mostly sexual, causing strong emotions, and suggesting an expression of respect, care and tenderness.

In the result of study of love descriptions as an interpersonal feeling in ethical-psychological works researcher distinguishes the following features in a semantic model of concept: 1) an integral feature of the "value", and 2) the central position of the object of love in the value system of the subject, and 3) a sign of "positive", 4) unmotivated choice of love object, his involuntariness 5) the identity of the object of love, 6) sexual coloration (in the forms of erotic love) [4, p.202].

Literature:

1. Луков Вл. А. «Тезаурусные константы мировой культуры». http://www.zpu-journal.ru/gum/new/articles/2007/Lukov_Vl/

2. Шаховский В.И. Эмоциональные культурные концепты: параллели и контрасты. Сб.: Языковая личность: культурные концепты. - Волгоград: Волг.гос. пед. ун-т – 1996. http://www.russcomm.ru/

3. Красавский Н.А. Концепт ‘ZORN’ в пословично-поговорочном фонде немецкого языка. Теоретическая и прикладная лингвистика. Выпуск 2. Язык и социальная среда. Воронеж: Изд-во ВГТУ, 2000

4. Кузнецова Л.Э. Любовь. Антология концептов. Т. 3. / Под ред. В. И. Карасика, И.А. Стернина Волгоград: Парадигма, 2006.