Baisultanova
Kulipa Sharipkanovna
Kazakh University of
International Relations and World Languages named after Abylai – khan ,
Kazakhstan
Interaction between government and civil society
in economic sphere of
Kazakhstan
This article discusses the problem of involving Kazakh
institutions in the process of economic growth. In Kazakhstan, created and
developed by various public organizations and political parties. In connection
with the ongoing political and economic reforms in the country increases the need
to involve civil society in the process of economic growth and improved living
standards.
Keywords: civil society,
economic growth, non-governmental organizations, the middle class, democracy.
Small and Medium Business.
The experience of democratic countries shows
that the relationship between the state and civil society is a long and
complicated way of growth and development. The dynamic interaction between the
state and civil society is an important factor for sustainable socio-economic
development and political modernization. The problem of analyzing relationships
between the state and civil society in economic growth is at the intersection
of different sciences: political science, sociology and economics.
For centuries, many scientists worried about
the problem of interaction between government and civil society in various
spheres of life, and the role of the state in the ongoing processes. Recently,
special interest and cooperation of the state of civil society in economic life
and activities of civil society in the welfare and democratization. Currently,
this issue is at the heart of the global social changes that are taking place
in many countries around the world and will determine the prospects for the
global community.
The relationship issues of civil society and economic
development are reflected in the writings of Karl Marx, in his view, the
anatomy of civil society is to be sought in political economy. [1] Civil
society in the writings of Karl Marx is seen as a set of relations of production.
Society was controlled by the bourgeois state, which protected the interests of
the economically powerful segment of the population. In civil society, the main
role played by the private owners, they were the ruling class and the poor in a
society had no rights, they have no opportunity to realize liberally. Urgent
problems of workers, violation of their civil and political rights, have
contributed to the union workers. In the early twentieth century, solving
social and economic problems of the society was made possible through the
establishment of trade unions. Trade unions are an active subject of civil
society, the institution of labor relations between the state, the employer and
the employee. Currently, in the developed European countries can meet trade
union organizations, which play an important role in the socio-economic life
and play a role in the democratization of society and the development of market
relations. The effectiveness of the labor movement
for a long period made him a full-fledged participant in the political and
economic life of the country, they are defending the interests of workers,
argued for maintaining economic and political stability in the country.
American political scientist F.Zakariya noted
that, in European history, economic development tends to lead to the appearance
of the two elements that are critical to the success of liberal democracy.
First, it allows key segments of society. First of all, private businesses and
the bourgeoisie as a whole will have the power and independence of the state.
Second, in dealing with this kind of community groups, the state becomes less
predatory and capricious, it is more focused on the observance of certain rules
and the requirements of society, at least - to the requests of its elite. This
process leads to the liberalization of the political regime. [2].
It should be noted that a vibrant civil
society contributes to the economic well-being of the population and economic
growth increasingly that stimulates the activity of the institutions of civil
society. Civil society as the main tools market promotes democratic change to public
policy of modernization and helps to combat corruption and enhances civic
initiatives, political stability and economic growth.
In such a society, business entities and their associations
granted autonomy to address socio-economic problems. Its aim is to create
conditions for the development of civil society and their self-organization.
With changes in the political and economic life, the adoption of market mechanisms
and the impact of the global economic crisis on the national economy of the
constructive cooperation of various groups in society and the state is a factor
of stabilization and harmonization of socio-political relations in society. The
close cooperation between the state and public organizations, the consolidation
of democratic values the principles of a market economy.
In connection with the ongoing political and economic
developments in recent years in Kazakhstan, there are changes in the strategy
of development of civil society. In 2006, the presidential decree was adopted
Concept of Civil Society. There is a growing activity of the members of civil
society, there are over 5,000 public organizations. Public institutions are
involved in the actual process of making important decisions in the political
and economic sphere, thus contributing to the solution of social and economic
problems of the Kazakh society.
Institutions and civil society as the main tools market promotes democratic
change in public policy of modernization, liberalization of the political system,
increase civic initiatives, political stability and economic growth. Citizen
participation in the political and economic process of the country through the
establishment of public organizations and associations contribute to the
consolidation of society, they have a key role in building consensus and public
dialogue. Of course, political stability and the harmonious interaction of
government, business and civil society organizations have a beneficial effect
on growth. It should be noted that, in the programs of political parties in the
parliamentary elections in Kazakhstan in 2012, economic issues were a priority
and the most important. People's Democratic Party "Nur Otan"
proclaimed actively promote the implementation of the economic and political reforms.
It is noteworthy that one of the main objectives are the improvement of the
living standards of citizens, establishment of social justice, security and
stability in the country. The Democratic Party of Kazakhstan "Ak Jol"
(Good luck) aims to reduce unemployment, social justice and raising incomes.
"The Party of Patriots of Kazakhstan" aims to build a democratic
state and civil society with a market economy, introduction to participate in
the management of state and social affairs socially active part of society,
sustainable development, the creation of a high quality of life and to give
priority to public health. Kazakhstan Social Democratic Party "Aul"
declares such goals as increased government regulation and support for the
agricultural sector, protect the interests of rural workers actively promote
the implementation of economic and political reforms aimed at further
democratization of society, the implementation of market-based forms of
relations in all sectors of the economy, raising the living standards of
citizens. Democratic Party "Adilet" (Justice) said the main task of
the construction in Kazakhstan legal democratic social state, the creation of
effective, advanced and developed economic system, the formation of a civil
society. National Social Democratic Party (NSDP) has set itself the task of
building a democratic, social state, the innovation economy, the implementation
of humanitarian policy. According to the political platform of the party, at
the heart of the Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan, CPP is a
Marxist-Leninist ideology, which was adapted to the new conditions of social
development. [3] It should be noted that the political life in the community
gets a close relationship with the vital interests and needs of the population.
In our view, the institutions of civil society, based on the initiative and
activity of citizens in social, economic and political problems can ensure the
elimination of many of the negative phenomena in society and prevent crises
like the political system and economic development. To this end, increases the
need to involve civil society in the process of economic growth and improved
living standards.
The purposeful activity of civil society for the protection
of the basic rights of people, including the security of persons and property a
positive effect on the conditions for the development of human capital.
Currently, creating a constructive interaction within the
rants of "civil society is the state - business." As you know, on
their effective interaction depends on the implementation of economic reforms.
According to official government bodies in Kazakhstan in 2010, GDP growth was
around 7 percent in 2011, this year, the real growth was at 5.4 percent, the
inflation rate - 6.8 percent. GDP per capita in Kazakhstan has increased over
the last ten years, more than seven times and exceeded eight thousand dollars.
During the period of 1990 - 2010 years. Life expectancy at birth fell to 1
year, while the average number of years of schooling increased by almost 3
years and the expected number of years of education has also increased to 3
years. Kazakhstan's GDP per capita grew by 33% over the same period. [4] Over
21 years in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been a steady growth in the last 10
years, the country's GDP grew by almost 7 times (from 17 billion to 115 billion
dollars). One of the factors that positively influence the economic growth is
the expansion of economic independence, entrepreneurship and business in
accordance with the principles of the market economy.
As we know that the successful interaction of the main
component is the business and government, public institutions has an impact on
economic growth. An important element of civil society is the middle class, the
formation of which is in Kazakhstan with difficulties. As the practice of
foreign developed countries, small and medium enterprises is an active subject
of civil society, social and political stabilization processes. It must be
emphasized to improve the welfare of the middle class plays a key role, the
position of the middle class depends on the dynamics of political and economic
transformation, a qualitative change in the structure of civil society.
However, the day of the small and medium business in Kazakhstan do not
contribute significantly to the economic well-being. According to local
analysts, the share of small and medium enterprises in the country's GDP is
about 30 percent, indicating that it is not enough weight in the economy.
Today, there are a number of problems in the formation of a middle class in
Kazakhstan society, which include weak implementation mechanism established
legal framework, poor market infrastructure and insufficient government
incentives. In our view, the development of civil society to be fully taken
into account the potential of the middle class, as the basis of civil society -
politically active and economically free.
Unfortunately, the main initiator of change in many areas is
the state, which leads to the restriction of the activities of public
organizations. Public institutions are not fully considered as the driving
forces behind the development of the national economy, providing economic
development and enhance the well-being of citizens. And it is in the global
economic crisis, of course, is fundamental to overcome it. For economic growth
in Kazakhstan, in our view, should be possible to use the potential of society
to create the conditions for civil society institutions and their involvement
in the achievement of economic goals, with special attention to the promotion
activities of small and medium business is as the foundation of civil society.
In connection with the ongoing political and economic reforms in Kazakhstan
increases the need to involve civil society in the process of economic growth
and raising living standards. Therefore proportional to load on all spheres of
the economy and efficient redistribution of power must consider the potential
of civil society as an important resource for economic growth.
Conclusions,
suggestions and recommendations
As we see, in the ongoing political and economic processes
in Kazakhstan civil society institutions play a role. Development of civil
society is a very important step towards democracy and a market economy in
Kazakhstan. This will increase the activity of the citizens which undoubtedly
contributed to the implementation of economic reforms and liberalization of the
political system performance in the country. In recent years there has been
growth. However, there are some problems in the development of civil society
markedly passive involvement of civil society in the process of economic
development.
The author believes that at this time in Kazakhstan not
underestimate the capacity of the institutions of civil society, whereas it is
the interaction and cooperation between the state and civil society can
contribute to satisfying the diverse needs of the population. State dominates
in cooperation with NGOs.
Recommendations:
1. Encourage the active participation of NGOs in the
country's economic development by promoting social partnership
2. Work out a system with the middle class in order to
improve civil initiatives from below.
The author believes that in this article the following new
position and results are:
• Highlight the theoretical
foundation for the study of civil society and the economy.
• The influence of civil society on economic growth.
• Analyze
some of the reasons of the weak interaction between the state
and civil society in economic growth.
References:
1. Marx and
Engels. Selected
Works, V.4,
1986 p.137
2. Fareed
Zakaria. The future
of freedom: illiberal democracy in the United States and beyond / / Research and Publishing Center "Ladomir", Moscow, 2004
3. Majilis elections 2012 / / http://www.zakon.kz
4. The Human Development Report
for 2010, "The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development" / / United Nations Development Programme in Kazakhstan