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Irina V. Kyunkrikova
Candidate of Science (PhD, Pedagogics), Associate
Professor
Margarita A. Shurginova
Kalmyk State University, Russia
The use of the regional component
in the educational process at University
Nowadays
culture and education, preserving spiritual values of
the people and giving them hope for the future, are consolidating factors. Real
processes of strengthening the ethnic mobilization, ethnic identity, which are
increasing all over the world since the 1960s, are accompanied by the
progressive unification of the spiritual and material culture and the processes
of globalization.
At
present, it is almost impossible to find a single ethnic community, which would
not undergo the influence of other nations’ culture. It is this tendency of cultural
globalization that is of particular interest in cultural identity. The depth,
multifacetedness, and exceptional socio-cultural significance of the ethnic
problem have not been realized in our society yet. The fact, that interethnic and international conflicts can be
solved only situationally, mostly by political, economic or military means,
testifies for the lack of such understanding of this important issue. Alongside
with the fundamental nature of education, educational and humanitarian solution
to the problem, which should be connected with the purposeful shaping of modern
ethno-cultural consciousness, is not taken into account to a considerable
extent. Social and economic development of Russia nowadays makes the issues
urgent which are being developed not only at each region’s level but also at
the national one. Taken steps in recent years to revive ethnic and cultural
values will not bring the desired result without the restoration of the
national education system, traditions of ethnopedagogics. This in its turn
suggests the scientific understanding of the content, methods and means of
education in relation to the realities of today. The appearance of a regional
component in the federal standard of general education is viewed as a condition
of reproduction of national, cultural and historical roots of national
identity.
The
use of traditional folk pedagogics in the educational process of a higher
educational institution is a means to improve the efficiency of the educational
system. Criteria and indicators of the educational system can determine the
level of the internal system formation of values as
a result of education, and to conclude the personal development of students in
the teaching system with the traditions of folk pedagogics. Experimental
verification of the proposed model of this educational system proves the
possibility of its use in teaching practice.
The
present educational system tends to make a productive use of the possibility of
the regional component in the whole educational and learning process. Practice
shows that the teaching process in the university should be organically fill ethnic
traditions and regional specificity. The teaching staff immerses the student
into the area of the national culture as an active subject, who can understand its values
in a choice of life position. Also, tutors accept the identity of ethnic
culture in the general cultural development of each student as one of the most
important elements of the system to develop knowledge about the world. It is
necessary to determine the features of the content of ethnopedagogical regional
component as a factor in education and training. The training process reveals
the effectiveness of students’ education on the basis of national traditions.
The realization of etnopedagogical traditions in regional component of
education contributes to formation of a personality who can be considered as
the ethnic ideal of the perfect man. Etnopedagogical goals of education
determine the content and mechanisms of regional educational component. The
effectiveness of the educational process in the ethnic and cultural students’
development is enhanced by the inclusion of organic material, spiritual, art
and ideological ethnic culture in the content of education. The learning
process of students in University based on folk traditions is the determining
mechanism of etnopedagogization of the integrated educational process, contributing to the harmonization of
relations between different generations.
The
system of values and interests of individuals, their social characteristics are
certainly determined by the social-cultural environment where the process of
socialization has been carried out. In this situation cultural traditions can
be one of the most important means of socialization which is very important for
education at University.
Associating
oneself with a particular culture, an individual is often unaware that its
crucial values are formed in the process of the direct contact with a national
environment which includes family, mass media, and education.
This
article states the present educational situation at the Faculty of Education in
the Kalmyk State University due to the introduction of new Federal State
Educational Standard. In the Republic of Kalmykia as well as in other republics
of the Russian Federation, the process of regionalization of education reflects
the specific features of the region, and namely social, economical,
geographical, climatic and historical development of the region.
The
analysis of traits of the Kalmyks’ ethnopedagogics as a key factor in the
training of the younger generation allows to conclude the following:
A
variety of living conditions, which include climatic, social, economic,
historical and other factors are “the spring”, enriching the content of
education of the Kalmyks. Folk customs and traditions of the Kalmyks cover all
the aspects of these people’s. Familiarizing the young generation with the
traditional way through original folk pedagogics contributes to the forming of
national identity foundation. In the traditions and customs of the Kalmyks
there is a moral ideal of the perfect man, contributing to the spiritual
education of young people. The collection of the Kalmyk folk traditions as a
means of education is a social and psychological system that is organically
linked to the national culture, national identity and a common culture of
humanity.
An
important feature in the Kalmyk people system of education is the continuity,
the relevance of which increases in the national revival. In this article, we
distinguish the physical continuity, the spiritual succession, the one in labor
and art, and the family succession.
Through
such features as the continuity of ethnic education, variation and inertia of
the traditions it is possible to transfer the core values in education from one generation to the next.
Education
on the basis of traditions is a purposeful interaction of generations, in which
young people form the national consciousness, appropriate attitude to
themselves as to the subject of the ethnic group. The national consciousness of
the student is considered not only as a result of the educational process, but
also as an integrative quality of the person. We identify four components that
make up the essence: cognitive, emotional, evaluative, and behavioral. Ethnic
identity in more general terms is not simply an awareness of belonging to this or
that particular people but also an awareness of its culture, language, region,
history, and the most important thing – the awareness of the national interest.
Considering
the practical and teaching experience in this sphere, we highlight the
following areas of teaching improvement in the implementation of the regional
components:
-
The enrichment of the educational process with the ethnocultural content, and
region-specific facts, materials, phenomena, which are the most familiar and
close to students, reflecting the features of one of the ethnic regions of the
Russian Federation - Republic of Kalmykia, ensures their integrative
relationships.
-
The correlation of the content and the process of teaching with the humanistic
values of the humankind as timeless criteria.
-
Educational objectives of the lesson are primarily implemented through the
content of the material being studied. A particularly important challenge is
that the content of any topic idea should include ideological, moral, and
aesthetic position.
The
problems of teaching University students on the folk traditions in the
implementation of the regional component are being solved by the Kalmyk State
University teaching staff constantly. There is a systematic approach of the
solution to the problem. Tutors in the classroom focus on the material of the
national regional orientation. For example, the curriculum of “Primary
education” bachelors includes the study of the subject “Ethnopedagogics”, which
is the central component and the main conductor of the subject, forming the
national consciousness of students as future professionals. In the context of
the communicative competence, young people study English with simultaneous
introduction of the regional specificity topics. For example, the best way of
teaching speaking, reading and writing is through such texts as: “Kalmyk
festivals”, “Kalmyk customs and traditions”, “The Kalmyk cuisine”, “The Kalmyk
folklore”. The appearance of a regional component in the federal standard of
general education is viewed as a condition for reproduction of national,
cultural and historical roots of person’s national identity. The present
educational system aims at making a
productive use of the possibility of a regional component in the whole
educational and learning process.
The
study of traditional culture gives reasons to believe that folk pedagogics of
the Kalmyks is the spiritual foundation for the revival and establishment of
national culture, language, traditions and customs.
The
peculiarity of modern ethnocultural and educational situation in the Republic
of Kalmykia is the loss of the practical relevance of the Kalmyk language and
the lack of sufficient incentives to its study, and as the result we have a
significant loss of interest to the national culture. Therefore, only
traditional methods and means of public education are not effective enough.
Under these circumstances, the history of the Oirat-Kalmyk people can take one
of the leading places in the system of folk pedagogics, which allows from a
broad history and ethnic culture to choose the aspects affecting the
personality immensely. The appeal to the history and ethnic culture is a path
that allows us to solve the problems more harmonically, not imposing any
settings, but including the student in the process of interaction with a
variety of historical values, ideals and models.
The
presence in the curriculum of Bachelor’s “Primary education” at the Faculty of
Education the discipline (subject) “The History of Kalmykia” generates and
supports the interest of students. But this happens only if the younger
generation is directly involved in any activity. It gives opportunities to use
creatively the acquired knowledge and skills in the process of independent and
scientific research, for example, while doing creative projects: “The Heroes of
My City”, “The Book of Memory” (where
the information about the defenders of the Motherland is collected), “The
Writers of Kalmykia”, “The Teachers of Kalmykia”, “The outstanding statesmen of
our Republic”. Also, in the curriculum there is a subject “Ecology”, which also
forms the ecological culture of bachelors. This subject is realized in studying
the following themes of national and regional character: “Tulip is the symbol
of Kalmykia”, “Saiga is an endangered species”, “ The Animals of Kalmykia”, The
Flora of Kalmykia”, “The desertification”, “The Reserves of Kalmykia”, “Lake
Manych is a protected zone”. The research being studied allows to come to the
following conclusions. Using the regional component of education increases the
efficiency of formation of individual and ethnic ideal of the perfect man.
The
guidance in the implementation of the regional component is aimed at
familiarizing the individual to the material and spiritual values of the people, the formation of art, moral, and ethnic culture.
Education
on folk traditions is the basis of ethnopedagogical integral educational
process, forming the feeling of respect for the customs of the people and at
the same time fostering a culture of intergenerational relations.
The
widespread use of active teaching methods involving also interactive problems
(individual and collective forms of work) introduces the student to a situation
of dialogue with culture, provides the formation of personal relation to
spiritual ethnic values.
Thus,
it can be stated that the educational values coming
from the folk traditions, have not lost their relevance in the modern world.
References:
1.
The Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education
2. Drobizheva L.M. Sociological
response to the “national question”:
the case of the Republic of
Bashkortostan. – Moscow, 2012, 124p., URL:http://www.isras.ru/publ.html?id=2459