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Doctor of philology Olizko N.S.
Chelyabinsk State University, Russia
Semiotico-synergetic interpretation of discourse
Semiotic
and synergetic interpretation of discourse provides integration of achievements
in linguistics, cognitology, semiotics and synergetics. It offers opportunities
for comprehensive review of literary work functioning in the semiosphere (semiosphere is a set of sign systems, including
text, language and culture in general). This approach
is universal because it is appropriate for the description of different types
of discourse. The approach doesn’t contradict conventional theories of
discourse analysis, it’s based on generally accepted linguistic statements and
it supplements modern scientific theories and research guidelines. Besides, the
approach is dynamic and open for further development.
In
this research discourse as a constituent part of the semiosphere is considered
to be the developing synergetic system that has the following basic principles
of organization: hierarchical structure, instability, nonlinear nature,
emergence, symmetric/ asymmetric property and openness. Taking into
consideration hierarchical structure, the semiosphere consists of micro-
(intertext), macro- (discourse), mega- (interdiscourse) levels:
interdiscoursive semiosphere is formed by a diverse set of discourses, each of
them consists of many intertexts.
The
system “intertext – discourse - interdiscourse” is characterized by instability
due to changes in the intertextual inclusions that lead to the discourse
transformation which, in turn, affects interdiscourse of the semiosphere as a
whole. The property of openness allows the system to evolve from simple to
complex state because each hierarchical level acquires an opportunity to
develop and become complicated. Meanwhile discourse is characterized by the
emergence that provides the appearance of spontaneously occurring properties
that are non-relevant for certain hierarchical levels (intertext, discourse or
interdiscourse), but peculiar to the system as a holistic functional formation.
Due to its inherent non-linearity and instability textual environment is
considered as unpredictable, but it is always ready to create new semantic
variations. Dominant meaning synchronizes symmetric (which are in dynamic
equilibrium) and asymmetric (which are in the dynamic disequilibrium) system
elements; it is the creative attractor that organizes discourse.
Appeal
to synergistic concepts allows us to prove that the formation of intertextual
structures in open and non-linear discourse is based on the principle of
fractal similarity that actualizes the mechanisms of in- and intertextual
interactions and provides a self-similar connection of text parts, other texts
written by the same author and different precedent phenomena. Establishment of in- and intertextual links on the basis of similarity of units
indicates the iconic nature of
relationship, based on contiguity – an indexical nature of
the relationship. Fractal similarity of
intertextual inclusions provides the implementation of work basic idea via the
constituent elements that express the meaning of a whole text. Precedent
phenomena (names, sayings, text, etc.), which enter the receiving text,
establish fractal relationship of the produced text with many other preceded
ones by reminding some famous image, reproducing exact wording or forming
relevant associations.
If
the implementation of the intertextuality is related to the activation of
numerous reminiscences, referring to various literary works, the
interdiscoursivity actualizes elements belonging to different semiotic systems.
Interdiscoursivity is the synergy of multiple discourses manifested
in the intertwining of discursive events that are of varying orientation and
intentional communicative tone. Actualization of
interdiscoursive relationships converts a work to the category of creolized
text, structuring of which involves different semiotic codes systems. The
interaction of discourse and symbolic systems is fulfilled at levels of
intermedial and meta-discoursive relations.
Intermediality
is understood as discourse interaction with non-verbal sign systems that
constitutes polycoded creolized message. Intermedial relations’ implementation
can be fulfilled, for example, by means of relationships between art discourse
and other discourses on compositional and structural, figurative and stylistic
levels. The code combination of different arts within one artwork is possible
because of the property of openness that allows to consider every part of art
discourse as separate “organism” capable of self-development. Using the
external semiotic environment of the semiosphere and attracting new codes of
perception, art discourse repeatedly re-creates and develops its dynamic
intermedial structure via fractal self-organizing operations. It means the
ability of elements of a non-equilibrium system of art discourse, that
interacts with other sign systems, to come to the internal structure
regulation.
Meta-discoursivity
can be manifested in the use of linguistic
and mathematical meta-languages. In other words, meta-discoursivity is
understood as scientific and art discourses’ cooperation through the implementation
of scientific semiotic systems in the artistic discourse. The semiotic systems
act as a meta-language in relation to the relevant art work. Practical analysis
allows us to devide metalinguistic inclusions into metalinguistic structural
and organizational statements and metalinguistic discussion of language and literature.
Statements that structure the utterance (classified as the first group) reflect
the ways to shape an art work and explain the meaning of words and expressions.
The combination of the verbal component with the iconic part of
meta-discoursive set, which is represented by symbolic images, mathematical
signs, formulas, equations, graphical models and patterns, organizes the
creolized message, which is developed according to the principle of fractal
similarity. Various comments (classified as the second group) concern the
semantic fullness of the literary discourse in general and each individual art
work separately. The results show that the meta-language as the means of
describing the relevant discursive formation is the semiotic basis of
reflection that structures the original object.
Thereby,
the processes within the intertext and interdiscoursive signals from the
semiosphere gradually lead to the appearance of random chaotic oscillations
(fluctuations), which increase and bring the system closer to the branch point
– crucial moment in choosing further way of development. It means the
possibility to involve unlimited number of semantic elements into interpreting
the art work; they are linked to personal meaning as a manifestation of
creativity – creative attractor of the synergetic system. The author creates
the art work and suggests some structure that is substantially open and makes
the reader associate with something that is completely different from the
original message. The mechanism of organizing intertextual and interdiscoursive
relations is based on fractal structures as algorithm of self-similar form's
construction and changes. Every single piece of the author’s text isn’t the
final version, this is endless series of inserted meanings, interpretations,
self-similarity of which ensures that the law of the unity in diversity is
obeyed. It creates a holistic perception of the work, which consists of set of
various intertextual and interdiscoursive inclusions. Continuous exposure of
external factors in the form of intertextual and interdiscoursive information
that comes from the semiosphere stimulates the system to self-organization,
providing a spontaneous fluctuation transition from less complex forms of
organization to more complex ones due to the internal reorganization of
relations between the elements of the system.
The
study of such categories as intertextuality and interdiscoursivity in terms and
concepts of linguo-sinergetics, taking into consideration the fundamental
principles of semiotics and cognitive linguistics is a promising material for
research in the theory of language helping to analyze the works that belong to
different literary spheres and institutional discourses.