Uchachev_V_A__Kucheryavyĭ_A_S

Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade Named after Mikhailo Tugan-Barabovsky

The development of science in the USSR

Soviet scientists in the 20s and 30s have achieved great success in many branches of science. Pavlov has enriched the world of science with valuable research in the study of higher nervous activity in man and animals. Tsiolkovsky developed the theory of rocket motion, which lies at the heart of modern aviation and missile missions. Research Zhukovskii and Chaplygin, who discovered the law of formation of wing lift, lie at the heart of modern aviation. Based on scientific research of Academician Lebedev in the Soviet Union was the world's first mass production of synthetic rubber. Thanks to the outstanding scientific discoveries of Soviet physicists in the Soviet Union already in the 30s for the first time in the world put into practice the principles of radar. Proceedings of Academician Ioffe, laid the foundations of modern physics of semiconductors, which play a pivotal role in technological progress. Soviet scientists in the 30s made a great contribution to the study of the atomic nucleus and cosmic rays.

Academician I Gubkin and his colleagues conducted in-depth studies in the field of geology of oil fields, which led to the discovery of oil between the Volga and the Urals.

Proceedings of the outstanding scientist Michurin, his successor Pryanishnikov and others play an important role in the development of agriculture.

Scientists have made a number of major geographical discoveries, especially in the study of the Far North. Great service to science has lasted 274 days drift on an ice floe near the North Pole, carried out in 1937 by Papanin, E. T. Ernst, P. Shirshov and E. Fedorov.

In the 30's were created aircraft that are set world records for distance and altitude. In 1937, the ANT-25 (designer Tupolev) V Tchkalov, G Bajdukov and A Belyakov made a nonstop flight from Moscow - Portland (USA) over the North Pole, covering a distance of more than 10 thousand km. Soon on the same course made even more distant flight crew ANT-25: Gromov, AB Yumashev and SA Danilin. In September, 1933. on the stratosphere "USSR" made rise to the stratosphere G. Prokofiev, E. Birnbaum, and K Goudov. They reached a height of 19 thousand meters, setting a world altitude record.

Soviet science has become more closely linked with the life and played an increasingly important role in building socialism.

The Communist Party of constant concern for the education and political education of the masses, persistently and widely promoted the great Lenin's teaching on how to build socialism and communism, and explained its policy, expressing the interests of the people, and directed the people to fight for its implementation. Party waged a relentless struggle against the lackadaisical attitude towards work and public property, public opposition to their personal interests, against nationalism, chauvinism and bureaucracy, bribery and other remnants of capitalism in the consciousness and behaviour.

For the education of the people were widely used clubs, libraries, museums, theatre, cinema, radio, newspapers, magazines and books. The Soviet state tirelessly cared about the development of these areas of culture.

In 1939, the number of clubs in the USSR were published 9 thousands of newspapers to 10 times more than in 1914, were published in great quantities scientific, political and artistic works. In 1939, the USSR books were published in 111 languages. But before the Revolution, more than 40 nationalities in the Soviet Union had no written language. Powerful tool for cultural and political education was the radio, which was attached to the development of exceptional importance. By the end of the 30s the country has few powerful stations. Radio is widely penetrated home workers.

Invaluable role in the communist education of the people playing the Soviet literature and art. Vivid images of courageous, staunch fighters for socialism have a powerful influence on the masses.

At that time the party was formed by a large group of Soviet writers. Its core were such eminent proletarian writers and poets, like Maxim Gorky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, A. Serafimovich, Demean poor and others who supported the October Revolution, and went with the people.

The party carefully brought up young writers. From among them the rise of such great masters of speech, such as Mikhail Sholokhov, Alexander Fadeev, Dmitri Furmanov, Tvardovsky, Nikolai Ostrovsky.

The party brought together writers on the basis of the creative method of socialist realism in a single Union of Soviet Writers. This alliance was finalized in August 1934 at the First Congress of Soviet Writers. It discussed the report of Gorky on the status and tasks of Soviet literature, the Constitution was adopted. The congress elected the chairman of the Writers' Union of Gorky.

Soviet writers and poets were created by talented works, which displayed the heroic history of the socialist revolution, civil war, the lessons learned within the building of socialism. Heroes of the Soviet literature were workers and peasants - the creators of history, the builders of the new society. Therefore, literature was a true, close and understandable to the people