Dr. Kurmanbaeva S.M.

Kazakh state female pedagogical university

Influence of the ecological factors on the growth of Allergic diseases

(Annotation)

There was determined the influence of environmental factors on genetic diseases, found growth of allergic diseases, and were identified important environmental factors affecting the distribution of allergic diseases. There was Found relation between specific environmental factors and the growth of allergic diseases. Environmental factors of air, soil and water pollution, urbanization are essential factors in the growth of allergic diseases in Almaty.

The purpose of the research: The purpose of this work is to establish a relation between growth of allergic diseases and the dynamics of environmental factors in Almaty and Almaty region. The novelty of the work: The most common disease in the twenty-first century is an allergy. It includes the first investigation of the influence of environmental state on children and adults having allergic diseases, the first time of the impact of environmental factors on allergic diseases. There was found a relation between specific environmental factors of the environment and the growth of allergic diseases. During the research, the author of the project has made a personal contribution, getting good data, and these data were obtained from the results of a study research, such work has not been studied and the conclusions are absolutely new.

Research results and conclusions:

Industrial chemical pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen, have a direct deleterious effect on the mucous membrane cells of respiratory tract and lead to the growth of inflammation in it, which are increased permeability to aeroallergens, thereby reducing the threshold of sensitivity to them and increase of the capacity for sensitization.

In environmentally disadvantaged areas allergic diseases can be found in children more likely at an earlier age, severe clinical forms get dominated by polyvalent sensitization and high frequency of intercurrent acute respiratory diseases.

The organization of high-quality treatment of allergy patients, as well as timely prevention , is not possible without knowledge of the true distribution, ecology and risk factors of the disease.

         Therefore, choosing a specialty, threatened by the development of allergic diseases, all those young adults are to assess the level of hereditary allergic family history and occupational risk factors. And identification of allergic predisposition or disease in the early stages of employment is particularly relevant.

The purpose of this work is to establish a relation between growth of allergic diseases and the dynamics of environmental factors in Almaty and Almaty region.

To achieve this goal there are determined following tasks:

1. To Investigate the growth of allergic diseases in Almaty and Almaty region.

2. To Explore the dynamics of environmental change in Almaty and Almaty region.

3.To Study the dependence of the growth of allergic disease from changes in environmental factors.

4. To Identify the most important environmental factors affecting the growth of allergic diseases.

There are about 4,000 hereditary or genetic diseases that people suffer from. Some of these diseases are common and others are rare and occur within a particular family. For the most part, genetic disorders can not be completely treated, but medicine and treatment can make many of the symptoms less burdensome for the victims.

Research METHODS

For the research there was used the "Method of Rozenson", a Professor of the 1st Children's Hospital named after Raphael Rozenson.

The method of Rozenson was used with sick children № of the 1st Children's Hospital and adults № of the 12 central hospital and patients from a local hospital the thing is that firstly, the is survey in writing form, such as what had been used in the last 2-3 days, what animals they touched , if they ate anything up to 2-3 hours, and this list is to give the whole information. In the first stage, there was identified the cause of the allergy, after that, the treatment begins.

RESULTS

The disease of the XXI century is Allergies. This disease is one of the most popular in the world. According to statistics, today every fifth inhabitant of the planet are facing it: one in six Americans, one in four Germans, 5 to 30% of Russians, 17% of Muscovites, every third citizen of Kazakhstan. International statistics show that over the past two decades, the incidence of allergies has increased by 3-4 times, and the disease often causes severe and unusual form. This is due to increased load on the allergic person.

Environmental situation is getting worse: poor nutrition, excessive medication, uncontrolled use of antibiotics, stress, lack of exercise, the changes in the climate. All this increases human exposure to allergens - even those that have always existed. Among the precipitating factors and risk of allergy growth there are: the sharp deterioration of the environment, including the biosphere scale from environmental disasters, acute and chronic stress, intensive development of all industries without sufficient respect for nature protection measures; uncontrolled widespread use of drugs, particularly those with lasting properties, those, that can move in body, the widespread use of cosmetics and plastic products; solid introduction into the life of disinfectants and disinfection, etc., changing the nature of the food (oxidative stress), the emergence of new allergens.

Allergic diseases, especially respiratory diseases are environmentally depended diseases because phenotypic realization of hereditary predisposition to it is always done under the influence of environmental factors. That's why, for example, asthma, especially in children, is a sensitive marker of air pollution. Last years the growth of asthma is closely related to pollution xenobiotics.

Environmental factors of air, soil and water pollution, urbanization are essential factors in the growth of allergic diseases in Almaty. Among the most common important pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, metals, dust, products of incomplete combustion of gasoline (petroleum hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, etc.). Photochemical smog is more than dangerous for respiratory industrial and photochemical smog.

Significant risk factors for allergic diseases are, along with environmental factors are hereditary-constitutional - 48.6%, intrapartum - 28.0%, the feeding issue- 20.4%. The main environmental factors in the development of allergy are domestic, pollen and fungal sensitization: patients with asthma -49.6%, in patients with rhinitis and atopic dermatitis -37.7% and 29.8%. The frequency and severity of seizures in children depend on the type and range of pollen hypersensitivity.

CONCLUSION

1. Environmental factors of air, soil and water pollution, urbanization are essential increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in the Almaty region. Among the most common important pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, metals, dust, products of incomplete combustion of gasoline (petroleum hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, etc.). Photochemical smog is more than dangerous for respiratory industrial and photochemical smog.

2. Based on the results of the study, it was found out that children of the Almaty region do not have a very high prevalence of symptoms of allergic diseases: allergic disease - 27.1%, including 28.1% of children 7-8 years old and 26.2% in children 13-14 years old. The prevalence of allergic growth was 40.9%, including 32.7% in 7-8 years and 48.3% in 13-14 years.

 3. For Almaty citizens there was characterized high growth rates of allergic diseases. Epidemiological studies exceed official statistics on prevalence. In Almaty, compared to other regions of the Almaty region, there is high proportion of diagnoses of allergic diseases. Allergic disease was established in 72.1% of patients. In Almaty, the result of research on the diagnosis was established at 72,1 ± 2,28% of patients with allergic disease, including those at the age of 13-14 - 86,1 ± 2,58% in 7-8 years - 61.8 ± 3,39%.

4. The main environmental factors in the development of allergy are domestic, pollen and fungal sensitization: patients with asthma -49.6%, in patients with rhinitis and atopic dermatitis -37.7% and 29.8%. The frequency and severity of seizures in children depend on the type and range of pollen hypersensitivity.

References

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3. Pytsky VI, Hadrian NV, AV Artamosova Allergic diseases. M., Triad-X., 1999. - 470s.

4. Revich BA Environmental pollution and public health / / Introduction to Environmental Epidemiology. - M., 2001. - 264.