Филологические науки \ 6. Актуальные проблемы перевода

Соискатель степени к. филол. наук Хомасуридзе М.Н.

Белорусский государственный университет, Беларусь

THE ISSUE OF WRITTEN SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

IN A MODERN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH

The rapid development of science and its intrusion into all aspects of society, the growth of the science prestige and simultaneous democratization of scientific knowledge lead to an increase in the role of scientific communication in the society that encourages scientists to study this phenomenon and it is expressed in the development of scientific knowledge.

The strategy of participants’ behavior in the field of science communication is implemented through the specific speech acts, which are the optimal choice of means and methods of communication. This selection is not only the choice of style, but the choice of genre and compositional form of the text. The properties of written scientific texts are the result of the language use on the basis of certain "communication code", which operates in a scientific corporative community. This code is based on common conventions and rules of communication and supplemented with standards inside the corporative community.

General communicative norms have been identified by scientists of Anglo-American linguistic school; the most famous and recognized in this respect are the works of P. Grice and J. Leach.

The principle of cooperation or P. Grice’s theory of implicatures largely determines the strategy of author’s verbal behavior in written scientific text. It is a set of maxims, which form the basis of communication participants’ joint activities, including science. Each participant of a communicative act recognizes the overall goal of communication which is the exchange of scientific information.

P. Grice proposed four basic maxims that can be fully customized to scientific communication. This is a maxim of completeness, the maxim of information quality and the relevance maxim, and the maxim of manners. J. Leach added the list by two more: the maxim of politeness and irony.

Within the scientific exchange of information in modern linguistics the research in the field of scientific texts translation is also carried out to ensure effective inter-ethnic communication.

The outbreak in the 50-60s of XX century research, based on analysis of a large body of linguistic facts, was the definition of the functional style (academician V. Vinogradov’s concept), as well as a selection of scientific style as one of the functional styles, recognition of such features of scientific prose, as the logical rigor, objectivity, consistency, accuracy, "a kind of emotional refraction" to display the controversy and the expression of individual approach of the author [5, p. 28-34].

In 1960 – 70s linguists focused on the study of the linguistic units functioning at all levels led to the formulation of the conclusions of systematic scientific speech style [3, p. 3-14].

In the next stage – 1970-90s – scientific research in the field of speech was devoted to problems of emotional and subjective evaluation, the history of the scientific style, the interaction of oral and written forms of language in scientific knowledge.

Speaking about the historiography of the scientific speech style, we can not ignore a particular direction, dedicated to the analysis of scientific language methodology issues. The book by Gvishiani N.B. was first subjected to special consideration as a means of meta-language scientific relations, as well as meta-language in its methodological aspect.

The problem with the language of science in the twentieth century was passed to the twenty first one, but not because of the last century study did not answer the questions. In contrast, only accumulated the results of existing studies on different levels of language, scholars of the XXI century have received and continue to receive the opportunity to learn the language of science in a different perspective – in terms of representation of the mental plane of a man who says or thinks, and perhaps this review will give the language of science opportunity to make a step towards resolving the existing contradictions.

Proceeding with the evolution of research in the field of scientific relations, it should be noted that the results of a detailed analysis of scientific work features on all language levels contribute to the establishment and development of a new direction – the theory of "language for special purposes» (Language for Specific Purposes, LSP), i.e. "Specific types of language as a whole ", which is used when communicating to a particular special topic."

Summarizing the consideration of views on problems of scientific communication in general, it should be noted that at this stage of linguistics we should speak about the existence of scientific discourse as a special type of discourse for special purposes, which represents the totality of linguistic components and extra-linguistic components in science communication.

With regard to the problems of scientific texts translation, to begin with it should be noted that in the modern translation studies there can be detected two trends of studying the process of translation, based on the type of text, and the type of knowledge:

1) studying the translation of scientific texts in the traditional aspect of translation;

2) studying the translation of a literary text in the aspect of modern cognitive-activity of translation.

Within the traditional translation studies two types of translation were investigated: the artistic and informative. Translation of fiction belonged to the artistic one, to informative one belonged the translation of scientific, technical, official and business like texts. The issues of scientific and technical texts translation were reduced mainly to the difficulties of certain terms translation, to transferring their grammatical, lexical and syntactic features.

In the present translation study there is no widespread scientific translation, which is separate from the technical one. The issue of translation of scientific and technical text types is studied in the framework of a unified scientific and technical direction.

One of the main problems of scientific texts translation is a way of translating the source of scientific knowledge, which defines the strategy of translating the text and, consequently, affects the quality of translated text. At the heart of the strategy of scientific texts translation concept there are G.B. Demyankova’s, R. Carnap’s, I.E. Klyukanova’s, George Lakoff’s, R. Schenk’s, and others ideas which are connected with the fact that this concept is due to the nature of the scientific type of text.

As for the Belarusian linguistics, there is very little scientific research in the field of translation. There are only a few selected studies, somehow related to this subject. These studies by Konyshava, Efimchik, Kuntsevich deals with the field of means of education in translating technical texts, vocabulary, semantics and syntax organization of scientific and technical texts.

Intercultural Communication in science is carried out in the form of corporative communication and flows through the professional communities. Through this community the process of intercultural communication in science is developing and expanding. Unlike other areas written communication plays a vital role in science.

In the implementation of written communication grammatical and stylistic features of scientific texts are defined by the purpose of communication, which is developed on the basis of the strategies used by authors in the writing of scientific texts. The main reasons that hinder communication processes in science are linguistic problems – language and speech ones.

The main problems of scientific texts translation in contemporary translation studies are: firstly, the absence of differentiation between technical and scientific translation, which is not appropriate in terms of understanding the content of the text on a pragmatic level, and secondly, due to the lack of knowledge on this issue in domestic linguistics, there is no scheme of scientific texts translation from and into the Belarusian language (especially English-Belarusian translation), which substantially complicates the adequate transfer of text and the style of scientific communication in general.

References

1. Gvishiani N.B. Language of scientific communication (methodological issues) / N.B. Gvishiani. M.: LCI, 1986. – 280 p.

2. Glushko N. Syntactic, semantics and pragmatics of scientific text / M.M. Glushko. Moscow: Moscow State University, 1977. – 142 p.

3. Kozhina, M.N. To the issues of the evolution of the scientific prose style in the period of the technological revolution / M.N. Kozhina / / Functional styles of speech in a synchronous and diachronic aspects. Perm, 1978. P. 3-14.

4. Razinkina, N.M. The style of the English scientific language. Elements of emotional and subjective evaluation / N.M. Razinkina. Moscow: Nauka, 1972. – 166 p.

5. Slavgorodskaya, L. The interaction of institutions and writing in scientific knowledge (historical sketch) / L. Slavgorodskaya / / Scientific literature, language, style and genre. M., 1985. P. 16-33.

6. Beaugrande, R. New Foundations for a Science of Text and Discourse: Cognition, Communication, and the Freedom of Access to Knowledge and Society / R. de Beaugrande, New Jersey, 1997. – 670 p.